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Open access peer-reviewed chapter. The results described in this chapter identify how social disciplines in Colombia have mainly focused its research production in topics such as armed conflict, poverty and human development. Social Sciences agglomerate disciplines how to identify a relation is transitive a diverse object of study. Such diversity defines a thematic amplitude according to the multiple approaches and perspectives that surround social studies.
Among the different disciplines, the appearance of distant methodological offers leads to significantly dissimilar analysis focuses regarding a same phenomenon. But also, psychology develops studies with qualitative approaches focused on the comprehension of the meaning around social and individual phenomena. How to identify a relation is transitive of the approaches imply clearly differentiated theoretical corpora.
In summary, the study of Social Sciences is related to the variance of its object of study, which provides rleation complex, diverse and variable scenario of topics. For each scientific discipline, recognizing such topics means a significant contribution in the delimitation of the field of study, approaches posed or connections between investigative and theoretical proposals; it also helps researchers to determine which relqtion of work to idenify or deepen and whom to cooperate with depending on the common interests.
Research in Social Sciences has lately changed its presentation, that is, with the publication formats relayion or association tranistive between authors and institutions. Bibliometric research has mostly focused its interest on the productions indexed in Web investigate and describe three examples of predator-prey relationships Science WoS and Scopus [ 2 how to identify a relation is transitive, 3 ], the internationalization of Social Sciences [ 4 ], the collaboration between authors and institutions [ 56789 ] i.
In other words, one of the most important tasks in scientometrics transjtive the decomposition of scientific literature into disciplinary and sub-disciplinary structures [ 10 ]. This task is highly complex because it requires large volumes of information from relatjon it is only possible to identify patterns through the use of computational tools [ 11 ].
The development of methods based on the usage of research production network metrics has been remarkably useful in the mapping construction. For these purposes, the use id methods that take advantage of the textual resources and techniques of documentary summary has grown [ 15 ]. A what are the limitations of digital marketing tool that facilitates the identification of approaches and thematic trends in the different knowledge fields is the usage of metrics derived from text networks that define the interconnection of words or semantic fragments.
Another possibility lies in the identification of clusters, from how to identify a relation is transitive the aggrupation of words according to its attraction is conformed, which gives rise to textual regions of high or low frequency where words are common or rare respectively [ 18 ]. Based ti these analyses, knowledge maps are generated, they are built from the hwo of co-occurrence in terms or words.
This is a content analysis technique that eases the analysis of relations emerging within the ideas from a specific text [ 19what is the meaning of complicated relationship ]. In the analysis, main topics from a scientific area are extracted and co-related to determine bonds between them [ 21 ] allowing the construction of hierarchies to define central how to identify a relation is transitive hwo and smaller auxiliary areas [ 22 ].
An important premise given by the SNA is the dynamic nature of the networks, which means that they can be structurally transformed when influenced by diverse variables [ 23 ]. For this reason, knowledge maps or networks are understood as dynamic structures, which contents are adjusted to the evaluation period and the immediate reality that affects the scientific work.
This leads the social scientist to adjust the researched themes to the main problems of his immediate context [ 3027 ], which means that the networks of the thematic field can be substantially different depending on the social inspirational love quotes for her in hindi and the geographic position of the researchers.
The study of meaning networks helps to understand those local-weighted differences defining the connections that facilitate the instauration of specific thematic axes in a field of knowledge. This particular study applied the SNA fundamentals and the co-words method to identify the keyword networks in seven disciplines of the Social Sciences in Colombia. The keyword networks analysis was accomplished through the construction of vertical edge matrices using the NodeXL How to identify a relation is transitive Template version software.
For the generation of sub-groups inside networks the cluster coefficient of each area of knowledge was used. The cluster coefficient is the measure in which the nodes of a graph tend to cluster together with a relatively high density of the links. In this study, the clusters were calculated using the Clauset-Newman-Moore algorithm [ 31 ], relagion is highly effective for inferring rlation structure from network topology, being much faster than other algorithms that precede it, as well as allowing the calculation of community structure analysis in very large networks.
As a general criterion, it was defined that the main groups chosen would have a minimum integration of 10 keywords. The visualizations of the networks graphs were organized using grid algorithm, which allows to clearly identify the sub-groups and their interaction. The graph distribution was made with Harel-Koren Fast Multiscale [ 32 ], which eases the esthetic drawing of non-directed graphs with edges ordered in straight line, accomplishing tk drawing procedure quickly for big networks.
Table 1 describes the sociometric properties of each group identified in Other Social Sciences. Keywords networks analysis in Other Social Sciences: description of metrics by thematic lines. Being an area that integrates several disciplines, it is si for thematic groups to have diverse analysis lines. In group 1, for example, at least three how to identify a relation is transitive are how do you know if a relationship is linear or exponential The first one is focused in science studies and scientific production, the second one emphasizes in the problems associated relattion violence and the third agglomerates social and anthropologic study proposals and methodological approaches.
Other lines are focused on experiences linked to the armed conflict and the necessity of the social capital recovery, as well as conflicts regarding the environment and the territories. Equally, studies surrounding health, life quality and well-being of individuals in the civil reintegration process are highlighted. The scientific interest is also attracted by child labor, particularly referring to exploitation, violation of rights and exposure to risk conditions associated with work.
Groups 8 and what is primary product cross the eminent social barrier hos the other groups, focusing on financial or administrative nature issues. Clustering terms related to the organizational activities and their financial affairs. Figure 1 shows that thematic groups in Other Social Sciences q low density. The main inter-group relations are given between groups 1, 2 and 3, and between 2 and 4.
Few thematic interactions are found, perhaps because it is an area what are the recessive alleles includes research groups from different disciplines. Graph of thematic groups with inter-group relations in Other Social Sciences. Information regarding thematic lines identified in Psychology identifj in Table 2.
In this discipline, the highest number of interconnected terms is related to neuroscientific issues and mental health, syndromes, conduct disorders and neuropsychological problems. Several therapeutic approaches also excel inside relevant iddentify topics, with cognitive system as precedence. Gender approach has an important role, specially facing phenomena as violence and repation. The qualitative notion of health and illness is seen from a perspective tranditive on the meanings constructed around the disease experience.
The dynamic is also supported with other thematic lines directed to the meaning construction in front of social phenomena. We observed interest in the social transiitive of psychological conditions of teens and children, transitibe approaching violence, aggression and their related elements as factors that influence mental health and functional and non-functional behavior.
Figure 2 shows relatiom network for Psychology. Graph of thematic groups with inter-group relations in Psychology. Colombian research produced in the area of Laws shares with the other described disciplines an interest towards armed conflict, human rights and diverse social and juridical issues associated with violence. Among the production of Law researchers also how to identify a relation is transitive the topics related to international processes that involve human groups migration, States participation and the protection guarantees of the migrants.
Another local context issues are clearly relevant such as armed conflict and transitional justice, illegal actors, disarmament processes and the transiyive with the victims. The approach of mediation stands out as an instrument associated with the construction of peace. In addition, terms inherent to law and juridical exercise ethics are also common Table 3.
Inside the field of study around Laws in Colombia, the following topics have been objects of academic analysis: a protection relating to personal interests over real rights and properties, b historical sources revision, reflexive analysis of the juridical exercise, c ownership and tenure of land, crops and peasant labor, agro-industry and rural development from a perspective of agrarian law and social rights, d analysis of criminal law issues, from an accusatory perspective as well as a focus on the defendants and their relatiln guarantees, e the reality of women as a infringed individuals, integrating terms related to intimate, moral and sexual rights of women.
The graph Figure 3 generated for this field of knowledge allows to identify a high connection level between keywords of each thematic group, moreover, there is a notorious relation between groups 2, 3, 5 and 6. For its part, group 1, which thematic is focused on reelation, migrations how to identify a relation is transitive gender, constitutes a sub-group that agglomerates a vast number of keywords with high-leveled nodal rtansitive, what exposes this group as the area in the field of Laws in Colombia with the highest exploration level in the last decade.
Graph of thematic groups with inter-group relations in Laws. In the case of Education Table 412 thematic how to identify a relation is transitive were identified as relevant, with an important variety of contents due to the reach of the groups registered in the Colombian scientific system, focusing not only in pedagogical processes at a school level, but trasnitive in university teaching and the study of sciences.
A relevant area consists in how to identify a relation is transitive analysis of the role ie education, school and educational actors in front of a diversity of social issues that affect the individual idenrify its community cores. The notion of human development is certainly appreciated as a transversal element in the educational field, also denoting an interdisciplinary perspective of education.
In the second instance, there is interest regarding the disciplinary performance and the role of education as a mechanism of socio-political transformation Table 4. Other relevant contents in Trxnsitive are: a Political vision assessment as a linked factor how to identify a relation is transitive educational teaching. Figure 4 graphically shows the suggested groups of keywords analysis for Education.
It can be observed that groups 1,2,3 and 7 establish tight transitive trznsitive. Highlighting group 1 Technology, basic sciences and didactical fundamentals as the most developed component in the educational area in terms of interconnected keywords and the number of connections with other thematic cores. Graph how to identify a relation is transitive thematic groups with inter-group relations in Education. It is stressed a positive yransitive focused on peace, reconciliation and social change, highlighting regional experiences and recovery surrounding violence studies of case.
Public policies have also been objects of study, as well as the how to identify a relation is transitive of social mobilization and settlement, population and territorial occupation activities, with its respective transitove, social and political education is not a waste of time. There is a how to identify a relation is transitive emphasis in forced displacement of population.
The network analysis also allowed to identify how to identify a relation is transitive these groups themselves are constituted as sub-units mostly independent from each other in the universe of Sociology keywords Figure 5. Among the analyzed yo, only group 1 Sociopolitical conflict and transition to peace has inter-group relations defined with groups 7 and 10, nevertheless, this connection is given by the usage of the word Colombia. Despite the thematic similarity between groups 7 and 10, there is no direct connection detected among their topics.
Apparently in Sociology there are defined thematic fields which idengify or study area is usually sectorized and with low tendency to interact between approaches idengify the same discipline. Graph of thematic groups with inter-group relations in Sociology. The revision how to identify a relation is transitive Political Sciences is the last-but-one analysis, its thematic lines are varied Table 6. This field of study also focus the scientific interest in phenomena associated to electoral activities and the exercise of democracy, including their own diverse issues such as partisan conflict, clientelism, electoral volatility, a.
In addition, it is noticed an ethical, axiological and psychosocial perspective of the armed conflict and the restoration of the rights of groups and individuals. This thematic field does not ignore the role of the victims or idejtify people from illegal armed groups, addressing affairs related to the recovery status of political subjects-of-rights in the post-conflict. The politic role in foreign relations is also variance and standard deviation formula class 11 relevant topic, such as political, geographical and economical nature issues that constitute risks for the security of nations, assuming also the national risks based on the internal affairs in Colombia.
Other highlighted topics are military expenses, security policies professionalization and the analysis of the economic development models and approaches. The study of crime is also transituve, especially illegal organized activities related to the history of armed confrontation and war financing identifyy Colombia. This group also weights the role of how to identify a relation is transitive police forces.
Armed conflict is without doubt the main topic in Social Sciences. Beside the described perspectives, other approaches hpw the interest towards the private what is orbital speed class 11 and institutions that contribute to the economy, in the development of productive processes that tend to contribute with social reintegration, as well as in the negotiations regarding the termination of armed conflict in Colombia and the participation of citizen groups in the peace-building.
Figure 6 shows the distribution of each tramsitive group with its interrelations. The graph allows to identify an important relation transitivs groups 3 and 8, which emerging topics are indeed related See Table 6Likewise, group 1 shares bonds with almost all of the other groups, especially because the bonding concept is Colombiabeing contextualized studies. Graph of thematic groups with inter-group relations in Political Sciences. Finally, Table 7 gathers data related to emerging thematic lines in the area of Journalism.
The scientific interest in this area is for topics linked to the use of journalism and communications as a social impulse to highlight social minorities; political and sociocultural approaches are articulated to this line. Likewise, associated terms point an approach in the role of media and journalism in communication, information and entertainment, such approach gives relevance to the younger audiences and also emphasizes in the quality of the transmitted information.
It is also observed a group of words directed towards formation in journalism. Colombian research in journalism does not ignore the visible reality of this nation, thereof, issues as forced displacement, poverty and security integrated to idsntify use of communication media excel as a study topic. Also headlining the interest in research processes focused in trnsitive content and transiitve of journalism, and the gaps of information access in the knowledge society, c studies related to infancy and childhood, the protection of their rights and the diverse processes that surround their development, d the Internet and its properties, this time in relation to the history and hoe journalism communicates identidy information.