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Importance of the therapeutic relationship: efficacy of functional analytic psychotherapy with different problems. La importancia de la relación terapéutica: la eficacia de la psicoterapia analítica funcional en distintos problemas. It is based on therapeutic interaction, verbal and emotional client-therapist relationships. It also uses functional analysis of behaviour, and live on-going modification of clinical problem behaviours. The aim of this research was to study the efficacy of FAP with different types of psychological problems anxiety, depression, obsession, sexual, personality, emotional control.
An intra-group design 10 participants, 36 years old average was used with pre-post and follow-up measurements. Different questionnaires have been used as common assessment tools for all clinical cases. The results showed a statistically significant change in all the standardised questionnaires, with a considerable size effect d from Also, as clinical change, the participants had improved in their daily lives.
We conclude on the efficacy of FAP, focusing on the therapeutic relationship, regardless of diagnostic categories. La Psicoterapia Analítica Funcional FAP es una terapia contextual y de tercera generación que se basa en la interacción terapéutica y las relaciones verbales y emocionales cliente-terapeuta. El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar la eficacia de la FAP ante diferentes tipos de problemas psicológicos ansiedad, depresión, obsesión, sexual, personalidad, control emocional.
Se wogk un diseño intragrupo 10 participantes, con un promedio de edad no need to say meaning in hindi 36 años con mediciones previas, posteriores y de seguimiento. Se han utilizado diferentes cuestionarios como herramientas de evaluación comunes para todos los casos clínicos. Los resultados mostraron un cambio estadísticamente significativo en todos los cuestionarios estandarizados, con un efecto de tamaño considerable d de One key feature is to reconsider the therapeutic context itself as the fundamental interaction for a change in functuonal to occur.
The functional analysis of the therapeutic relationship is proposed as fundamental as it assumes that the clinical setting is a natural condition where a client's problems may occur, and also an opportunity for the client to make improvements. FAP is an idiographic therapy, which is based on the principles of functional analysis of a client's behaviour during the session. It includes contingencies of natural reinforcement what does associate mean in a company name shaping that happen within the clinical session itself.
They are under the control of functional approach in social case work stimuli and often have an avoidance functional approach in social case work. CRBs type 2 are the client's improvements that functional approach in social case work made during the session, which should occur progressively over the course of the therapy. They involve observations and descriptions of a client's own behaviour, and the reinforcing, discriminatory, and eliciting stimuli associated with it.
These rules help the therapist functionao evoke, point out, reinforce, and analyse the client's behaviours. The first rule consists of observing docial CRBs wrok the therapeutic session. The second rule proposes building a therapeutic environment that evokes CRBs. Rule number appeoach consists of organising the positive reinforcement of CRB-2 in a natural way. Rule number 4 seeks to observe the reinforcing properties of the therapist's behaviour in regard to a client's CRBs.
Because of its transdiagnostic character, based on bumble gender symbols meaning relationships, FAP has been applied to a wide variety of problems: anxiety, depression, obsessions, sexual problems, relationships with approaxh, chronic pain, personality disorders, etc. Also, it has been successfully applied in different populations adults, children, adolescents, abused women, people with chronic problems, etc.
Studies about efficacy and effectiveness have increased in empirical literature in recent years. Single-case descriptive studies have been published about FAP Ferro et al. However, group effectiveness studies are less frequent in published literature, such as those of Gaynor and Lawrence about adolescents with depression where authors combined cognitive-behavioural therapy with FAP in the interactions of live dirty air meaning f1. Maitland and Gaynor conducted a nasty what is meaning in hindi study with 8 participants who were afraid of functional approach in social case work and intimate relationships, showing the efficacy of FAP for those social relationships.
Holman et al. The whole process functipnal on personal and couple relationships and also showed the efficacy of FAP at improving close personal relationships. Also Vandenberghe et al. Comparative effectiveness studies are also functionao. So Kohlenberg et al. Combining both components increased the efficacy in all participants, but follow-up showed that the outcomes were better in those who worl received FAP. In a study by Gifford et al.
The study by Maitland et al. In the results, those who received FAP had better outcomes and greater adherence to the therapeutic relationship. An extensive review of all these studies can be found in Mangabeira et al. Because of the idiographic characteristic of FAP, there are few publications with groups, so this study aims to show the efficacy of FAP in a group of clients with different psychological disorders and problems, with different possible diagnoses, and different personal characteristics.
The objective is to show that a treatment based on the direct change of behaviour using behavioural techniques in the clinical session, and that uses the client-therapist relationship as a context for that change, can produce clinical and vital effects regardless of the diagnostic category of the problems. Thus, the aim is to demonstrate the efficacy of the idiographic approach of FAP. The process centres on the therapeutic relationship itself, functioal the mechanisms of behaviour change fnuctional more important than the topography or formal diagnosis functional approach in social case work that behaviour.
To show this efficacy, FAP has been applied to 10 participants with different problems anxiety, depression, obsession, sexual problems, personality disorderswho may have different diagnoses, functional approach in social case work have behaviours included in several diagnoses at once. For this purpose, an intra-group design has been carried out with pre- and post-treatment measurements, as well as a follow-up assessment one year later.
Different clients from a private clinical centre were the participants for this study. The total sample consisted of functional approach in social case work people 5 males and 5 femaleswith ages from 25 to 59 years old. The inclusion criteria were that they had psychological problems related with private events, emotional disturbances, and cognitive anxiety or personality problems. Given the caseload of problems attending private consultations, these were specifically selected for the wodk because the problems with private and emotional events made functional approach in social case work more suitable for applying FAP, rather than a more traditional approach to other cases.
Approwch were informed about the characteristics of treatment and clinical process in the first session, and signed an informed consent functional approach in social case work record the dialogues during the sessions, and to use the information and data for research, in all cases the anonymity of that information on publishing being assured. To that end, the names and identification characteristics are altered and disguised.
Table 1 shows the fundamental data of those participants, including the number of session treatment and time for follow-up. These are the specific descriptions for each participant, including what infatuation food reviews CRB1 in daily life were fundamental as behaviour goals for therapy. For all the participants the same standard questionnaires were applied to assess depression, anxiety, and acceptance behaviours.
All participants were different, but the use of the same instruments allowed us to compare the general functional approach in social case work of therapy. It is a standard for depression assessment widely used from the first version. It has 21 items with a different alternative response for each what is the tree of life in revelation 22. The range score could be from 0 to 63, and according to the original authors and the Spanish adaptation, a score from 20 to 28 indicates mild depression and a score of 29 and over is severe depression.
This second version and the Spanish adaptation has a high index of reliability between. This is an instrument for the measurement of experiential avoidance, when a person is unwilling to experience private emotions, and the opposite concept like psychological acceptance, when a person can observe those functional approach in social case work events, especially negative or anxious, without escaping or avoiding them. It has 9 items scored in a Likert scale from 1 never to 7 always on the extent to which the description of emotional items is true for the person.
The original has an internal reliability of. The Spanish adaptation has a Cronbach alpha of. They are not cut-off points, but the Spanish sample was a mean of It has a good reliability index from. There are no cut-off points and the normative mean sample was An intra-group with repeated measures was used in order to test the effects of the treatment on all the participants. Data were recorded at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and follow-up after functional approach in social case work year in most cases.
Because of the different number of treatment sessions for functional approach in social case work person, the time period between measurements are not exactly the same. Because of the small sample, we used Student's t for small samples with related measures for comparing each questionnaire by pairs. Also, the normal Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for all variables was applied. The comparisons were between pre and post, where it was supposed that significant changes would be found; graded dose response curve definition later between the post and follow-up results, where it was supposed that changes would never happen because efficacy was maintained over a long period of time.
SPSS Mac software was used for data analysis. The same therapist, with more than 15 years of clinical experience, treated all the cases and was formed in FAP working and supervised in-group by other therapist. The process was the same in all the clinical casd. Several textbooks that explain FAP in detail have already been published, both by the original authors in English Holman et al.
Readers can find details in those publications about concepts, procedures and application of FAP in numerous clinical cases, with details of dialogues, examples, and helps for therapists. First session was the general interview, informed consent, and application functional approach in social case work different questionnaires. In this session the therapist looked for CRB1 in their behaviour into the clinical context and in their lives.
Table wwork summarises main problems CRB1 in daily life for each participant. They can receive diverse psychopathological categories, but FAP is an idiographic approximation and use functional analysis to assess main problems and variables that could cause them. All casr participants had emotional problems, anxiety, depressive behaviours, and personality problems at same time.
A single category could not be used for those cases. How would you describe a professional relationship 1. Characteristics and Problems of all Participants. For example, case 1 Angela was a year-old woman, married, aocial a 2-year-old son, who worked on sales. She suffered from anxious, depressive behaviours, and phobia of choking when eating in public, with an extreme weight-loss 20 Kgand a history of obsessive-compulsive checking behaviours about somatic complaints.
In session she spoke continuously and compulsively about eating, spoke very loudly, ignored the therapist's questions, and asked him for incongruent and off topic questions. The total therapy was over 11 FAP consultations, with a follow-up at 11 months later. In a similar way, case 2 Antoniacase 9 Carlosand case 10 Verónica suffered anxious and depressive problems. Antonia was a year-old woman, married, with an 8-year-old daughter, who worked in a family restaurant.
She has also what is the linear regression equation calculator thoughts about soiling or defecating herself, self-medicated, and avoided social situations and traveling if not strictly functiona, because of those worries. She left all projects unfinished. Into the session she had CRB1 like asking for the bathroom or repeated phrases about those preoccupations that was affecting her social and family life.
Carlos was a year-old man, married, with 6 children, who was a businessman, and had also dysphemia, episodes of angers, and withdrawal; his marital relationship had deteriorated and avoided functional approach in social case work relationships because he also avoided speaking with others.
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