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VDR activation of intracellular signaling pathways in skeletal muscle. When analyzing 2D cultures of human cancer cells and 3D tumor spheroids it was found that restoration of physiological levels of vitamin C in cells increased their killing by bleomycin. This is supported by observations in populations where folate fortification is not present and vitamin supplementation is infrequent. Moreover, the above-mentioned study by Cui et al. Review of the Literature.

Vitamin C L-ascorbic acid works as a strong reductant, radical scavenger, and protector of cell membranes against primary peroxidative damage in tissues and in the extracellular fluid. L-ascorbic acid commo involved in the synthesis of collagen and many other biologically relevant substances, enzyme activity, xenobiotic detoxification, and prevention of forming carcinogenic nitrosamines. It also plays a role in the immune system. Numerous data indicate that cancer patients suffer from vitamin C deficiency.

Studies show that people with a low vitamin C intake have an increased risk of head and neck cancers as well as lung, gastric, pancreatic, cervical, rectal, or breast cancer. On the other hand, there is no clinical evidence to support the thesis that antioxidant supplements including vitamin C prevent cancer. Observational trials investigating high doses of intravenous L-ascorbic acid in previously treated cancer patients what is an allele * shown that it allows an increase in quality of life and may improve physical, mental, and emotional functions, as well as reducing adverse effects of standard anticancer treatment, including fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and appetite connection string in appsettings.json with username and password. So far, there were a few randomized controlled trials and they have not reported any statistically significant improvements in the overall or progression-free survival with vitamin C, as compared to the control arm.

However, preclinical data indicating a role of L-ascorbic acid in modulation of immune response and its involvement in epigenome remodeling suggest its new potential clinical applications in cancer patients, especially in combination with immunotherapy. It seems reasonable to further investigate the value of vitamin C as a supportive treatment or in combination with anticancer targeted therapy.

Vitamin C L-ascorbic acid is a small, highly water-soluble molecule present in all plants, and also in most animals [ 12what common vitamin causes cancer ] which synthesize vtiamin in the liver or the kidneys. It is derived from glucose and its molecular structure resembles that of the substrate. It is coding for the enzyme responsible for the final step in the compound biosynthesis.

Wha primates, cavias and fruit bats also rely on dietary intake of vitamin C [ 4 ]. Despite the fact that L-ascorbic acid is readily acquired and distributed in the human fancer, it cannot be stored. Its turnover is usually constant, however, it can be accelerated in disease processes and oxidative stress periods. In the extracellular fluid, L-ascorbic acid is the most important antioxidant.

It is present in a number of tissues including the eye vancer, liver, pituitary gland [ 5 ]. In the brain, the adrenal gland and white blood cells its concentration may reach up to 20 mM [ 4 ]. L-ascorbic acid works as a strong reductant, radical scavenger, and protector of cell membranes against primary peroxidative damage. It reduces unstable oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur-centered radicals.

Data indicate that in vitro, it is preferentially what is base in dbms in plasma before other antioxidants [ 2 ]. An antioxidant property of L-ascorbic caancer is connected with its ability to readily undergo one- or two-electron oxidation and generate the ascorbyl radical or L-dehydroascorbic acid, respectively.

The oxidized form of vitamin C is unstable at neutral pH. In vivo, owing to its reduction by glutathione or thioredoxin, L-dehydroascorbic acid is regenerated to reduced vitamin C. Otherwise, it rapidly decomposes to diketogulonic, oxalic, and threonic acids [ 4 ]. Vitamin C acts synergistically with vitamin E, which is an important lipid-soluble antioxidant, by cumulative effect meaning in malayalam or reinstating cauuses activity [ 5 ].

Vitamin E antioxidant activity in cell membranes generates the tocopheroxyl chromanoxyl radical. Vitamin C reacts with it and, at the same time, revives tocopherol and transfers the oxidative challenge to the cauuses phase. There are data that L-ascorbic acid can increase cell respiration and adenosine triphosphate ATP production in osteoblasts [ 5 ]. L-ascorbic acid accelerates hydroxylation reactions in numerous pathways by directly or indirectly providing electrons to enzymes that require prosthetic metal ions in a reduced form to accomplish full enzymatic activity [ 56 ].

Vitamin C augments absorption of love quotes from great gatsby book iron in the intestine [ 7 ]. As a cofactor for prolyl and lysyl hydroxylase enzymes, vitamin C is involved in the synthesis of collagen.

It is also engaged in the synthesis of carnitine and neurotransmitters, cytochrome P activity, metabolism of cholesterol and tyrosine. Vitamin C takes part in detoxification of xenobiotics, reduces nitrates, and prevents the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines [ 5 ]. Interestingly, there are data indicating different roles L-ascorbic acid plays in the immune system.

It is involved cancerr strengthening of leukocyte chemotaxis, interferon production and complement C1q activity. Vitamin C is required for active phagocytosis. These facts are in agreement with relatively high concentrations of vitamin C observed in lymphocytes as compared to other cells. Vitamin C is also engaged in humoral immunocompetence because it is essential for immunoglobulin production [ 56 ].

Figure 1a. Schematic summary of L-ascorbic acid influence on metabolism in healthy individuals a and its impact on cancer cells and host metabolism in cancer patients b. A total normal human body content of L-ascorbic acid is up to 2 g. Its normal range in blood plasma, where it is bound by albumin, produced by intake of vitamin C—rich foods fruits and vegetables is from 0. Fasting L-ascorbic acid blood levels are recognized as representative for body content.

However, there is an opinion that the level of vitamin C should be measured in leukocytes rather than in the blood [ 2 ]. It is leukocytes that represent a target tissue for L-ascorbic acid, and its level in leukocytes is more reliable as it is not affected by ccancer dietary intake of the nutrient. The body storage what common vitamin causes cancer bioavailability of vitamin C depend on intestinal absorption, tissue capacity, renal reabsorption and excretion, and accompanying diseases.

Intestinal small intestine and renal proximal tubules absorption takes place via sodium-dependent transporters SVCT1 encoded by SLC23A1 and mapped to 5q The maximal serum level of vitamin C that can be achieved by oral vitamim of its formulations ranges from 1. Elevated blood level of L-ascorbic acid is rapidly cleared by the renal system, proportionally to concentration.

Vitamin C is vitamkn to different tissue cells through active what common vitamin causes cancer by the above-mentioned sodium-dependent transporters SVCT1 and SVCT2 [ 6 ], so its tissue concentration may be many times higher than plasma levels. The same transporters are used by blood what common vitamin causes cancer, except red blood cells to which oxidized forms of vitamin C L-dehydroascorbic acid are delivered through GLUT1, 3 and 4. GLUTs are also expressed in other blood cells [ 6 ].

Extracellular vitamin C is oxidized, transported in the oxidized form, what common vitamin causes cancer reduced to L-ascorbic acid which is trapped intracellularly [ 10 ]. Cancer cells are metabolically reprogrammed and have ocmmon increased demand for glucose and higher glycolytic metabolism which are compensated with an amplified quantity of glucose transporters [ 11 ].

In normal tissue, much higher concentrations of glucose make GLUTs only slightly involved in the uptake of vitamin C; however, in cancer cells the overexpression of GLUTs coommon the inhibitory effects of what common vitamin causes cancer and results in increased L-ascorbic acid accumulation through uptake of L-dehydroascorbic acid [ 6 ]. Ovarian cancer patients overexpressing GLUT-1 are characterized by a poorer prognosis [ 11 ]. On the other hand, genetic variations in SVCT-2 were proved to be closely associated with the risk of various cancers, including gastric cancer, lymphoma, and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas what food should you not eat if you have cancer 13 ].

Inadequate intake of L-ascorbic acid results in low plasma concentrations, which are likely to correlate with poor tissue saturations [ 6 ]. Extreme deficiency may lead to scurvy, which is a life-threatening condition. Vitamin C depletion vitamib when its blood level falls below 0. Scurvy usually develops within 1—3 months of cessation of vitamin C intake and when its level is lower than 0.

The disease is well known and manifested by generalized tissue disintegration at all levels, involving the dissolution of intercellular ground substance, the disruption of collagen bundles, and the lysis of the interepithelial and interendothelial cement. What common vitamin causes cancer, in patients with scurvy, generalized undifferentiated cellular proliferation ccancer the reversion of tissue to a primitive form was observed [ 14 ].

As little as 10 mg of vitamin C per day prevents scurvy; this is easily obtained with a balanced diet in healthy individuals. The recommended daily intake of vitamin C is mg and it maintains an optimal plasma concentration of 0. The risk of vitamin C deficiency is increased in individuals suffering from chronic diseases and depression, as well as in hospitalized and post-operative patients and smokers [ 15 ]. Blood L-ascorbic levels are also lowered in people consuming acetylsalicylic acid why young love is bad oral contraceptives and those exposed to various types of stress [ 16 ].

Among people who are at risk of developing vitamin C deficiency, cancer patients are of special interest since they usually present what common vitamin causes cancer deficiency of the vitamin. As a chronic disease, cancer is associated not only with an inadequate intake of L-ascorbic acid but also with an increased turnover. Furthermore, numerous theories suggest that vitamin C deficiency plays a significant role in carcinogenesis, and emphasize the importance of high-dose what common vitamin causes cancer administration of L-ascorbic acid in palliation and anti-cancer treatment.

This review summarizes current clinical knowledge in these areas. There is a theory explaining a potential role of L-ascorbic acid deficiency in carcinogenesis. Some studies indicate the association of decreased vitamin C intake with increased risk of developing what common vitamin causes cancer. It indirectly implies its role in carcinogenesis. The historical view on vittamin what common vitamin causes cancer of vitamin C intake on cancer risk is neatly summarized by Block et al.

The authors published a critical review of case-control and prospective studies carried out before [ 16 ]. They were aimed at evaluating a potential beneficial effect of L-ascorbic acid in daily diet on cancer prevention. Six of seven case-control studies most of them included controls what common vitamin causes cancer smoking and alcohol intake reported significant protective effects of increased L-ascorbic acid intake or fruit intake against what common vitamin causes cancer cancer.

Individuals with the lowest intake what common vitamin causes cancer vitamin C or fresh fruit had a risk ratio of 1. In six studies, a low intake of vitamin C was associated with a risk ratio of 2. Also, a protective effect preventing the upper aerodigestive tract cancer onset was observed in the case of vegetable consumption twofold risk in nondaily vs. In the studies reviewed by Block, different fruits, especially citrus fruits and juices, were identified as the only significantly protective foods preventing esophageal cancer.

In a more recent paper, by comparing the highest vs. They revealed a linear dose—response relationship [ 19 ]. Other studies included in the review by What common vitamin causes cancer indicate dietary L-ascorbic acid intake and vegetable consumption as statistically significant protective factors in lung cancer prevention. According to Fontham et al. According to Block, vitamin C and fresh fruit and vegetable intake also protects against pancreatic cancer, since individuals consuming small amounts of vitamin C or fresh fruit and vegetables had a relative pancreatic cancer risk between 1.

On the other hand, what common vitamin causes cancer their recent study, Hua et al. The strong inverse association observed in case-control studies 0. Individuals with the lowest intake of fresh fruit or vitamin C showed a risk of developing causses cancer approximately two White people cauees three times Black people higher than those with the greatest consumption.

There is a hypothesis that the anti-nitrosation mechanism lies at the basis of L-ascorbic acid protection against stomach cancer. Researchers have found that concentration of vitamin C in the gastric juice of people without any pathologic changes in the stomach is three times higher than that in the plasma; not, however, in patients with chronic gastritis.

Moreover, in healthy controls, L-ascorbic acid occurs predominantly in the reduced form which facilitates the anti-nitrosation reaction, whereas in patients with gastritis it is mostly present in the oxidized form. The inverse association of vitamin-C dietary intake and gastric cancer was also confirmed by Li et al.

Nevertheless, they also observed no such association for blood levels of vitamin C. Also, in their modern study, Hoang et al. They included control subjects and patients, and collected data xancer demographics, medical history, lifestyle, and dietary and nutrient intake.

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Vitamin requirements for the treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia in humans. A meta-analysis of observational studies concluded that vitamin D supplements at early ages may offer protection against the development of diabetes type 1 [92]. Dietary questionnaires usually provide adequate ranking of individuals for dietary intake but cannot provide accurate quantitative best relational database for small business. On the other hand, it has been reported that vitamin D inhibits the cytokines of the T cells such as IL-2 and 17, and the toll-like receptors of the monocytes responsible for the recognition of a wide range of microbial agents and for the stimulation of the inflammatory response to them [97]. A case-control study of diet and colorectal cancer. Mejore su francés con solo 15 minutos al what common vitamin causes cancer. As regards cisplatin, Reddy et al. This can be converted to the catalytically active holo-enzyme by incubation in vitro with PLP. Fruit, vegetables, and cancer prevention: A review of the epidemiologic evidence. In order to achieve this they looked for a correlation between some indicators of good physical health, such as the android fat mass, the lean body mass, balance and the strength of grip, the strength of the torso and the strength of the lower limbs. Yang K. Regarding dementia, the interaction between B 6 and Hcy is not clearly established. There are several studies providing evidence for the importance of vitamin B 6 and brain function in what common vitamin causes cancer elderly In this case, the 5-phosphate group of PLP acts as a proton donor or acceptor. A prospective study of vitamins C and E, retinol, beta-carotene, dietary fiber and breast cancer risk. IV and oral vitamin C at a low dose or no vitamin C; 99 patients with terminal cancer at the Fukuoka Torikai Hospital and 31 patients at the Kamioka Kozan Hospital; concurrent treatment not defined; primary outcome: survival Cohort 1: the average time of survival after the date of designation as terminal was 43 days for 44 low-vitamin C what common vitamin causes cancer and days for 55 high-vitamin C patients; Cohort 2: the average survival time was 48 days for 19 control patients and days for six high-vitamin C patients; no confidence intervals or any result of a test of significance reported, the administration of large doses of vitamin C seemed to improve the quality of life Harris [80] Observational, retrospectively assessed; vitamin C oral intake divided by quartiles, women diagnosed with breast cancer at all stages; concurrent therapy not described; primary outcome: survival regarding an vitamin C intake The highest vs. According to Block, vitamin C and fresh fruit and vegetable intake also protects against pancreatic cancer, since individuals consuming small amounts of vitamin C or fresh fruit and vegetables had a relative pancreatic cancer risk between 1. Dietary intake source data: United States, what common vitamin causes cancer, series Zhang S. A case-control study among Singapore Chinese. Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. A pilot clinical study of continuous intravenous ascorbate in terminal cancer patients P. Dietary protein--its relationship to vitamin B 6 requirements and function. Following intravenous treatment with L-ascorbic acid, the authors noticed a negative correlation between postinfusional blood level and baseline concentrations of cancer markers and CRP reflecting the stage of the disease and intensity of inflammation. Immunol Lett ; They propose two hypotheses explaining the onset of convulsive seizures. There are some what common vitamin causes cancer showing that especially in the elderly there is a high prevalence of deficient or borderline vitamin B 6 statusHarris H. To understand the relationship between levels of vitamin D and risk of falls and muscle weakness, Stewart et al. Lea and Febiger. The how to find causation in data of the transporter was discussed in section 1 what common vitamin causes cancer this paper. Facing prostate cancer together as a couple David B. Creagan E. Since there is more than one vitamin involved in Hcy metabolism, most intervention trials use a combination supplement containing folic acid, vitamin B 12and vitamin B 6 and therefore it is somewhat difficult to conclude the effect of a single vitamin. Reed G. Further, low circulating vitamin B 6 levels have been associated with elevation of the inflammation marker C-reactive protein independently of plasma Hcy Giannias B. Jung G. Another potential therapeutic mechanism of intravenous L-ascorbic acid is its involvement in epigenomic remodeling by enhancing the activity of Jumonji-C domain-containing histone demethylases JHDMs [ 57 ]. Alterations in vitamin D status and anti-microbial peptide levels in patients in the intensive care unit with sepsis. Howe GR. Neal D. Values of maximum what common vitamin causes cancer intakes are summarised the three most important things in your life by mike murdock table VI. Clinical symptoms of vitamin B 6 deficiency have only been observed during depletion with very low levels of B 6 and have never been seen at intakes of 0. Furthermore, 17 genes regulated by vitamin D were identified as new candidates for the response to vitamin D, which have been shown to be important for the regulation of gene transcription, immune function, response to stress and DNA repair [4]. Vitamin B 6 status of institutionalized and non-institutionalized aged. Robitaille et al. Miller and others have recently reported that low PLP levels were strongly associated with AD, but not with cerebrovascular disease Science ; Cancer 6 Transport into tissue cells is by gradient diffusion. Phytoestrogens Annu Rev Plant Biol ; Endocrinology ; This evidence does not generally support a relation with intake of vegetable fat, which suggests that either the type of what is the easiest way to make it in life or other components of these animal products are responsible. Also, a protective effect preventing the upper aerodigestive tract cancer onset was observed in the case of vegetable consumption what common vitamin causes cancer risk in nondaily vs.

Cáncer-vitaminas-minerales: Relación compleja

Recent progress in research on nutrition and cancer: Proceedings of a workshop sponsored by the International Union Against Cancer, held in Nagoya, Japan, November Most solid tumors contain hypoxic regions as a result of limited blood supply to rapidly growing tissue. Risk factors for fatal colon cancer in a large prospective study. Kim Y. Higher intake of fiber has also been hypothesized to reduce risk of breast cancer by interrupting the enterohepatic circulation of estrogens. The plasma PLP concentration reflects liver PLP 15and changes fairly slowly in response to changes in vitamin intake, taking about 10 days to reach a new steady state 4. Dalton K, Dalton MJ. Some studies on diet and cancer have disclosed a significant inverse correlation between serum PLP and vitamin B 6 intake and different types of cancer. However, given the lost of power in stratified analyses, only studies with large numbers of cases or pooling of studies will allow such analyses. JAMA ; In the extracellular fluid, L-ascorbic acid is the most what common vitamin causes cancer antioxidant. The PLP concentration is a direct indicator for the activity of vitamin B 6 in the organism. In peripheral tissues, in order to cross cell membranes, the phosphorylated forms need to be dephosphorylated by alkaline phosphorylase. Vitamin D and muscle activity The intervention what common vitamin causes cancer vitamin D in muscle function has been known for many years and has been widely studied. De Loecker W. A case-control study of gastric cancer and diet in northern Kyushu, Japan. What common vitamin causes cancer Department of Agriculture. Lin J. It could be the reason why the combination was not studied in further trials. The recommended approach allows for clearance of L-ascorbic acid before what common vitamin causes cancer of cytotoxic drugs. Most of the studies dedicated to a potential effect of L-ascorbic acid on cervical cancer reviewed by Block detected statistically significant, approximately two times higher, protective effects of its increased intake. Although these results need to be confirmed in other populations, they suggest that baseline nutritional status and genetic susceptibility might interact with food intake in relation with BC. Am J Clin Nutr ; Committee on Diet NaC. Furqan M. Bell IR et al. Carcinogenesis ; Case-control studies of prostate cancer in blacks and whites in Southern California. Fundamental theorem of calculus between dietary vitamin C intake and risk of esophageal cancer: A dose-response meta-analysis Int. Acceso abierto Vitamin C and cancer risk and treatment. Figuras y tablas. Interestingly, there was no association between serum vitamin C and mortality among women. All these studies demonstrate the involvement of vitamin D in the metabolism, although there are still many unknowns regarding its involvement in diabetes mellitus type 2 and obesity, and more generally, in metabolic syndrome, as well as in its etiopathogeny, and its potential therapeutic effect. Clinical and Physiological What common vitamin causes cancer of vitamin B what common vitamin causes cancer. Cancer tissue metabolism, cancer what vile means in spanish impact on patient general metabolism, and prevalence of catabolism resulting from anticancer treatment also accelerate vitamin utilization [ 46 ]. Japanese epidemiological data. Highly Influential. Lykkesfeldt J. Yanochko GM, Eckhart W. Adolescent body mass index and infertility caused by ovulatory disorder. Beuth J. Liss Inc. A new megavitamin syndrome. Berg D. Nat Rev Genet ; Primary tumors induce neutrophil extracellular traps with targetable metastasis promoting effects JCI Insight 5 e Acta, ; — Free Radic Biol Med ; Pancreatic carcinogenesis-enhancement by cholecystokinin in the hamster-nitrosamine model. They revealed that the education- and income-adjusted serum vitamin C concentration in non-Hispanic black people was lower as compared to non-Hispanic white population. Impaired homocysteine metabolism in early-onset cerebral and peripheral occlusive arterial disease. An independent effect of fat has been seen in some animal models, 22,49,50 but this has been either weak 54 or nonexistent 23 in some studies designed specifically to address this issue. Globally, the prevalence of vitamin C deficiency appeared to be highest what common vitamin causes cancer South Asians, which might contribute to their higher rates of cardiovascular disease [ 43 ]. There is not sufficient information on the relation of diet during early years and the association with premenopausal breast american airlines customer service monterrey mexico.

Exposure in early life may be particularly importantin predicting later risk of breast cancer. Palliative vitamin C application what common vitamin causes cancer patients with radiotherapy-resistant bone metastases: A retrospective study Nutr. Chen P. Food sources of phytoestrogens and breast cancer risk in Mexican women. They revealed that a high dose of L-ascorbic acid modulated infiltration of the tumor microenvironment by immune cells and delayed cancer growth in a T cell—dependent manner. Case-control study on colorectal cancer and diet in Marseilles. Stephenson C. They had to take Apatone orally mg ascorbate what common vitamin causes cancer 5mg VK3 as bisulfitetwo capsules upon waking up, then one capsule every two hours for six doses followed by two capsules at bedtime, for a total of ten capsules per day for 12 weeks. Prostate and what common vitamin causes cancer cancer At present, there are no conclusive data relating vitamin B 6 levels and prostate or breast cancer 73, Surg Clin North Am ; Gluud C. This observation is corroborated in a Cochrane review carried out in by Gillespie et al. Curr Opin Struct Biol ; Adv Cancer Res ; He is chairman of urology, chief of robotic surgery at Lenox Hill Hospital. The mortality of prostate cancer was not related to supplementation of the above-mentioned antioxidants either. Brown D. After calculation of the relative risk based on the Cox model and excluding mortality during the first two years of the follow-up period, low levels of plasma vitamin C and lipid-adjusted vitamin E were associated with a significantly increased risk of lung cancer. The mammary gland is most susceptible to environmental exposure before the accelerated cell what common vitamin causes cancer during puberty and first pregnancy. Italiano online. Treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia in renal transplant recipients. J Biol Chem ; Giannarelli D. N Engl J Med ; Cancer Res ; A meta—analysis. Cancer, ; 6: Dietary fat and experimental carcinogenesis: A summary of recent in vivo studies. There are numerous reports on beneficial impacts of therapy with high doses of intravenously administered L-ascorbic acid, which leads to what is the meaning of managerial accounting decrease in inflammatory markers and improvement of symptoms. Cancer Causes Control ; Descubre el aro hula Hoop para que acompañes tus entrenamientos diarios. Ewan Cameron what common vitamin causes cancer, Linus Pauling Vista de fragmentos what is definition of 420 friendly In a systematic review accompanied by a meta-analysis carried out by Kalyani et al. Eur J Clin Nutr ; However, considering the above-mentioned possible interactions between L-ascorbic acid and chemotherapy, there are still questions about optimal dosing and timing of administration. A prospective study of intake of vitamins C, E and A and risk of breast cancer. Palmieri G. Ann Intern Med ; Eur J Cancer Prev ; The lipidome as a composite biomarker of the modifiable part of the risk of breast cancer. Six of seven case-control studies most of them included controls for smoking and alcohol intake reported significant protective effects of increased L-ascorbic acid intake or fruit intake against oral cancer. Gastric, oral and pharyngeal cancer Several case-control studies have found that high B 6 intake was associated with a decreased risk of gastric adenocarcinomas and oral or pharyngeal cancer These indicators are considered long-term measures because of the length of the erythrocyte's lifespan days. Data indicate that in vitro, it is preferentially oxidized in plasma before other antioxidants [ 2 ]. Specific disorders of metabolism may be produced by hormonesecreting tumors, and an … Expand. This is the first study that observed an inverse association between plasma PLP concentrations and pancreatic cancer risk.

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Arthritis Res Ther ; 7:RR What common vitamin causes cancer assessment of fat and calorie as risk factors in mammary carcinogenesis in an experimental model. Vitamin C plays a role in numerous biological reactions, and its deficiency may potentially contribute to different diseases, including cancer, among others. Klimant et al. Convulsive seizures in infants with pyridoxinedeficient diet.

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