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It seeks to promote medical-scientific writing and thereby support research and creativity in Medicine. The journal aims as well to support the medical-biological sciences related to health as to have a space for history, philosophy and ethics. Medical writing without relation to science is promoted: anecdotes, stories and short stories of doctors and patients. Dirigida a estudiantes y docentes de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, la revista Experiential learning schools near me Universitaria busca fomentar el escrito medico-científico y con ello apoyar la investigación prooject la creatividad en la medicina.
La revista pretende apoyar a las ciencias medicobiológicas relacionadas con la salud y tener un espacio para la historia, la filosofía y la ética. Se fomenta el escrito médico sin relación con la ciencia: anécdotas, historias y relatos de médicos y pacientes. To confirm the applicability of an exponential mathematical law based on dynamic systems in the evaluation of cardiac dynamics, reducing the time of evaluation from 21 to 16 h, as has been achieved in the area of cardiology by developing innovative diagnostic methodologies that allow us to establish differences between normal and pathological cardiac dynamics.
Starting from ambulatory and continuous electrocardiographic records between normal and pathological patients, a heart rate oh was simulated for 16 and 21 h with values of heart rate and beats per hour of each record, to construct the attractor of each dynamic. Later, the fractal dimension of each attractor and its occupation in the generalized space of Box-Counting was calculated. Finally, the mathematical project on pair of linear equations in two variables class 10 pdf was determined at 16 and 21 h and sensitivity, specificity project on pair of linear equations in two variables class 10 pdf Kappa coefficient were calculated respectively to the conventional diagnostic taken as the gold standard.
It was possible to establish that the values between and for the K p grid were associated with normal diagnoses, linexr values between 36 and were related to disease in 16 h. The application of the exponential mathematical law to electrocardiographic registers in 16 h allowed us to establish correct diagnoses of clinical applicability.
The dynamic systems theory studies the initial state and evolutionary tendency of systems 1 through the variables of its behavior over time. Therefore they are quantified by fractal geometry 5 and the Box-Counting method. Thus they are of great interest in medical science. One of the most utilized methods to analyze cardiac dynamics is ambulatory cardiac monitoring, what is the point of casual dating is performed by Holter devices, in charge of registering cardiac dynamics in times oinear 24 and 48 h, and are able to observe transitional and sudden changes in heart rate, ST segment, QT and RR intervals, etc.
It has been shown that, in cardiology fields, there is a need to conduct oriented researches to comprehend the behavior of cardiac dynamics globally, taking as a base heart rate variability, using RR changes in time. On the other hand, new emergent meaning of common in english have improved cardiac system comprehension.
Therefore, nonlinear dynamic perspectives have emerged, among others. RR interval changes in time enable heart rate variability studies, but they do not have diagnostic responses for each particular case. However, the theory of dynamic systems, chaos theory, and fractal analysis have been incorporated in search of new responses. Cardiac dynamic systems have been shown to display chaotic behavior, 21 wherewith a new health and disease concept is given, 22 different from those stated in the homeostasis framework, where the disease is related to highly regular or chaotic models, and normality is a state between these two ends.
Different methodologies oriented toward the analysis of cardiac dynamics have been created in light of new understandings. There are increasingly more physical and mathematical theories being embedded in the comprehension of cardiac dynamics, in the interest of making better prescriptions and diagnostic approaches in its behavior. One of these methodologies is the exponential mathematical law developed by Rodriguez 29 phylogenetic systematics means the objective of analyzing cardiac dynamics within 21 h.
By means of a geometric behavior observation of cardiac dynamics, those studies have shown that occupation spaces of the attractors tend to decrease as the cardiac system reaches acute disease. The above was proven on cardiac dynamics with patients with clinically diagnosed arrhythmia 31,32 through the aforementioned mathematical law. Thus its diagnostic capability over this pathology was corroborated in studies with 40 and 70 electrocardiographic records, project on pair of linear equations in two variables class 10 pdf allowed them to differentiate between varying grades of numerical forms of aggravation, also detecting sub diagnosed pathologies that were considered the evolution toward project on pair of linear equations in two variables class 10 pdf disease by mathematical law.
The purpose of this work is to prove that it is possible to make a reliable and clinically useful diagnosis by mathematical law through a cardiac dynamics evaluation within 16 h, developed in dynamic systems and with a basis in fractal geometry, proving that this methodology has the predictive and diagnostic capability even with the decreased time of evaluation of the records. Box-Counting method: The Box-Counting method is a mathematical calculation in which the fractal dimension of an object is found, which is established by the following equation:.
The fractal dimension is denominated by DN being the number of squares occupied by the object, and k corresponding to the degree of partition of variabbles grid. Simplified Box-Counting equation: By simplifying Eq. Mathematical exponential law: This is the law that is obtained by algebraically removing Eq. D is the fractal dimension. A total of continuous electrocardiographic and Holter records were taken from patients over 21 years old, 60 within the boundaries of normality and with some type of pathology, as established by a cardiology expert according to conventional clinical parameters.
These records came from the databases of the Insight group. The clinical diagnoses of the patients were concealed. Then, minimum and maximum heart rate values were measured, as well as the total heart beats each hour for 16 and 21 h; with these values, a semi-random sequence of frequencies was generated by an equiprobable algorithm through previously developed software.
Finally, the fractal dimensions were calculated with Eq. In the end, to determine the mathematical diagnosis, Eq. The dynamics with values greater than were categorized as normal, and those that were between 73 and were those that were evolving toward aggravation. Later, the agreement between mathematical and physical diagnoses was evaluated at 21 and 16 h.
To carry out the statistical analysis, the clinical diagnoses were revealed, to establish the agreement between the physical—mathematical diagnosis at 16 h and the conventional medical diagnosis, taking as a base the normal cases and with acute illness and as the gold standard the diagnoses proffered by the expert. Sensitivity and specificity were determined from a contingency table that considered the true positives, false positives, false negatives and true negatives.
Cohen's If coefficient was calculated by the following equation: where Co is the number of agreements observed in patients with the same diagnosis from the mathematical methodology and the gold standard; To is the total number of cases; Ca is the number of attributable agreements calculated randomly through the following formula:. In which f 1 is the number of cases with normal mathematical values; C 1 is the number of cases diagnosed conventionally as normal; f 2 is project on pair of linear equations in two variables class 10 pdf number of cases diagnosed conventionally as diseased; Variales 2 represents the number of cases diagnosed conventionally with some kind of pathology, and To is the total number of cases.
This study was declared a research with minimum risk according to parameters established by the Colombian Ministry of Health in resolution fromsince mathematical and physical calculation have been made over noninvasive tests, which have been previously prescribed by conventional protocols, protecting the integrity and anonymity of participating subjects. Finally, it complies with ethical principles established in the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association.
Diagnoses of some of the electrocardiographic records belonging to the study are shown in Table 1. Results show that fractal dimensional of attractors of normal dynamics were between 1. In the registers obtained during a period of 16 h, results show that the fractal dimensions of attractors of normal dynamics were between 1. Information selected from the data of the initial clinical diagnosis of some of the continuous electrocardiographic and Holters records chosen for the study.
Values of the spaces occupied by the chaotic heart attractors what are love birds favorite treat at 16 and 21 h corresponding to the continuous electrocardiographic and Holters records of Table 1.
Occupational equatins of the attractors in the K p and K g grids variaables 21 h, were found to be between, 64 and respectively for normal dynamics, and between 39,16 and project on pair of linear equations in two variables class 10 pdf respectively for abnormal dynamics. At 16 h, the occupation spaces for the grids K p and K g in normal dynamics were found to be between, 63 andrespectively, and for pathological clasw were found to be between 36,15 and 90, respectively see Table 2. In Figs.
Evidence that the occupation space of the normal attractor is much bigger than the acute dynamic attractor corroborating the obtained results. This is the first work in which, starting from the quantification of the occupation spaces of chaotic cardiac attractors analyzed in the context of a mathematical law, the evaluation time of cardiac dynamics was reduced from 21 to 16 od with continuous electrocardiographic ambulatory records.
Also, evidencing diagnostic utility independent from the system of recording heart rate values and being able to differentiate between normal, pathological and transitional dynamics between both states in electrocardiographic and linexr registers of 16 h, with which this mathematical methodology is configured as a tool for clinical application. Likewise, the mathematical quantification of the cardiac dynamics allows us to make numerical distinctions between disease and normality independent of the circadian cycle, the clinical state of the patient or other considerations.
Regarding the diagnostic test performed, the methodology showed its objectivity and reproducibility, as evidenced in previous studies. In the framework of the theory of dynamic systems, different methodologies have been developed to characterize and differentiate cardiac dynamics with high precision. Although work how many online dating profiles are fake been carried out using fractal geometry applied to medicine 36—40 in order to differentiate between normality and disease, the vast majority of them use isolated fractal measures and look for how to stop video call in jio that characterize normality and disease.
However, they have not been definitive in establishing clear differences between normality and disease, for projeect mathematical methodologies have been developed that allow this distinction to be made. Modern theoretical physics bases its procedure on the linwar of abstractions and the inductive thinking of what is the structure and organization of the executive branch phenomena, by means project on pair of linear equations in two variables class 10 pdf which it is possible to establish theoretical relations under physical—mathematical laws, allowing for the establishment of generalizations and subsequent applications to each particular case.
This thought was adopted not only project on pair of linear equations in two variables class 10 pdf the achievement of the presented methodology, but perspective diagnoses of the cardiac dynamics of the adult have been obtained from this, among which one is based on the probability and the proportions of the entropy. This physical—mathematical perspective has contributed extensively in different areas of medicine. For example, from the theory of sets and dynamic systems, it was possible to establish predictions of mortality in the ICU.
Alfonso Correa Director of the Research Center. Thank you all for the constant support to our research group. Inicio Medicina Universitaria Exponential law cariables cardiac dynamics for physical—mathematical evaluation in Follow us:. Previous article Next article. Issue Pages October - December Export reference. More article options. DOI: Exponential law of cardiac dynamics for physical—mathematical evaluation in 16 h.
Download PDF. Rodríguez ab. Corresponding author. This item has received. Under a Creative Commons license. Article information. Table 1. Information selected from the data of the initial clsas diagnosis of some of the continuous electrocardiographic and Tqo records chosen for the study. Table 2. Values of the spaces occupied by the chaotic heart attractors evaluated at 16 and 21h corresponding to the 1 electrocardiographic and Holters records of Table Show more Show less.
Objective To confirm the applicability of an exponential mathematical law based on dynamic systems in the evaluation of cardiac dynamics, reducing the time of evaluation from 21 to 16 h, as has been achieved par the area of cardiology by developing innovative diagnostic methodologies that allow us to establish differences between normal and pathological cardiac dynamics. Material and methods Starting from ambulatory and continuous electrocardiographic records between normal and pathological patients, a heart rate sequence was simulated for 16 and 21 h with values of heart rate and beats per hour of each record, to construct the attractor of each dynamic.
Finally, the mathematical diagnosis was determined at 16 and 21 h and sensitivity, specificity and Kappa coefficient were calculated respectively to the conventional diagnostic taken as the gold equattions. Results It was possible to establish that the values between and for the K p grid were associated with normal diagnoses, while values between 36 and were related to disease in 16 h. Conclusion The application of the exponential mathematical law to electrocardiographic registers in 16 h variablez us to establish pdg diagnoses of clinical applicability.
Full Text. Introduction The dynamic systems theory studies the initial state and evolutionary tendency of systems 1 through the variables of its behavior over time. Clinical diagnosis 1 Stroke. Atrial tachycardia, atrial fibrillation 2 ACV, carotid artery 3 Arrhythmia.
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