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Escuelas de desarrollo profesional: creando alianzas para reducir la brecha entre colegios y universidades. PDSs refer to alliances among educational institutions that join forces and resources to provide community members high quality services and products. Two stages are depicted. The first one deals with explain different types of partners class 11 setting up of human and material resources, identifying ways of collaboration among institutions and defining the roles of every partner phylogeny definition biology sentence. The second stage has to do with the what is the difference between behavior and characteristics of the proposal per se, the obstacles faced and the action plans to carry on with the implementation.
Partial findings and outcomes of this PDS-in-progress are shared with the hope of promoting the PDS concept in our community by means of establishing more partnerships, receiving feedback from experienced peers, and establishing networks. Las PDSs se entienden como alianzas entre instituciones educativas que unen fuerzas y recursos para brindar alta calidad y servicios a los miembros de la comunidad.
La experiencia se presenta en dos etapas. La primera describe la organización de los recursos humanos y materiales, identificando formas de colaboración entre las instituciones involucradas y definiendo los roles de cada participante. Palabras clave: Escuelas de desarrollo profesional, alianzas estratégicas, cooperación, colaboración, practica docente.
Professional Development Schools PDSs are innovative types of partnerships between universities and schools designed to bridge the gap that exists between them. Their mission is to bring about the simultaneous renewal of school and teacher education programs to improve student learning and revitalize the preparation and professional development of experienced educators at the same time. PDSs starts with the premise that the additional time and effort to try to work across two or more organizations is worthwhile compared with trying to achieve the same goals internally Teitel, The authors of this article are teacher researchers who worked together on the project - one as the on-site coordinator at Fundación Santa Maria school FSM and the other as a professor holding a master's degree at Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas UD.
In this setting, this is a new idea and can be considered an innovation in the educational field. Narratives, by their very nature, are social and relational and gain their meaning from our collective social histories. How we reflect on experience and how explain different types of partners class 11 make sense of it is often achieved through the stories we tell. Narrative has been constructed as a mode of thinking Bruner,p. As Bruner, in Juradowhat is a complex curve out, we narrate because our thinking process demands us to do so; we feel the need to name our experience and to organize it because we want to influence the world of others.
Narratives help us to open up, to fulfill the desire to communicate and are the means by which we can persuade and convince others. Our stories describe the complexities of our practice, trace professional development over time, and reveal the ways in which we make sense of and reconfigure our work. The fact of having academic institutions joining forces with common goals opens many doors for professional development, qualification of students, shared resources that can be enhanced and improved, and more options to be explored, enriched and implemented according to every institution's needs.
This is the main reason for our interest in sharing with the academic community our experience in implementing a Professional Development School. In order to put into practice this PDS concept, two institutions collaborated to establish objectives, procedures and possible alternatives for cooperative work. Once this collaboration was achieved, two stages were developed. The first stage dealt with developing a proposal for the setting up of human and material resources, identifying ways of collaboration between institutions and defining the roles of every partner involved.
The second stage had to do with the implementation of the proposal as such, the obstacles faced and the action plans to carry on with the implementation. We believe that this experience will open doors and lay the ground for academic institutions to look more closely at how they can work together to tackle better the challenges that they face in education. In Colombia, according to our experience, there has been a significant change in the approach by universities and schools towards the teaching practicum.
During the s the practicum as part of the teaching programs was seen as a very important component and, thus, the university was responsible for contacting schools that would be willing to accept practitioners, but it was not an easy task. Many schools were reluctant to accept practitioners as they felt observed and judged by universities since these higher education institutions were considered the holders of knowledge. This situation reflected the need for establishing stronger relationships that would allow collaborative work and the possibility of developing research among universities and schools.
As Teitel points out. They can facilitate renewal in both school and university as a result of knowledge shared in the partnership. Most important, they can enhance both teaching and student learning" p. Another factor that has contributed to broadening the gap between schools and universities is explained through the behaviorist and the traditional craft paradigms that have influenced teacher education not only in the US but also in contexts like ours.
Zeichnerp. It is through imitation of a model, somebody with plenty of experience, that they can be regarded as effective in their jobs. These two paradigms have been very popular in the case explain different types of partners class 11 pre-service teacher training since they allude to practitioners as empty vessels which need to be filled. From the numerous factors that hinder relationships between schools and universities we experienced another situation in this PDS common law marriage in alberta canada created tension among mentors and student teachers.
The benefits school teachers identified in regard to having practitioners did not necessarily have to do with professional development. Instead, in many cases they saw the fact of having practitioners as a means for catching up with their duties or for having some free time; many times teachers left the classroom when practitioners came in and these were left to face explain different types of partners class 11 classes on their own without proper training and self confidence to do so in an effective way.
This situation did not contribute to developing collaborative relationships between in-service and explain different types of partners class 11 teachers. Therefore, it is necessary to find a balance between the opposite and extreme positions discussed above regarding the role of the practitioners and mentors in order to make the practicum a fruitful, enjoyable and enriching experience for all the parties involved. Even though changes have taken place in regard to the view held towards the practicum in our context, still today, in some cases, student teachers are not seen as professionals with the growth that would allow them to contribute with their knowledge to the development of the institutions where they carry out their teaching practice.
Our practitioners are not empty vessels; they have been learning and accumulating knowledge for many years, in different ways, and from various sources. Our role as teacher educators should be based on respect and guidance, supporting practitioners in their development of an inquiring attitude so that they are encouraged and prepared to explore several issues of the pedagogical task. Unfortunately in this PDS, some student teachers 1 missed valuable opportunities to receive feedback and support in this difficult task that they undertook and, at times, in-service teachers did not take advantage of the chance to invigorate their teaching practice and share ideas and experiences in relation to academic and pedagogical issues.
In this article we are going to narrate the way we started the implementation of a PDS in a setting in which this is a new idea and can be considered an innovation in the educational field. As Jerome Bruner points out, we narrate because our thinking process demands us to do so. We divided the story into three parts to facilitate its understanding; the first one is Preparing the Ground, where we tell the readers how the setting was organized to start the implementation.
The second part is called Getting Started. It narrates the way this project got off the ground. Finally, in the Hands on Experience section, we describe the process that has taken place up to now, the obstacles encountered and how we have coped with them. We conclude with some insights drawn from this enriching experience. There are some initial considerations that need to be taken into account when starting the implementation of a PDS.
Key people who are highly committed and believe in such a project as well as who are able to motivate, persuade and guide others towards achieving the same objective are needed. Furthermore, it is necessary to count on school and university partners who are open-minded, who are willing to innovate their teaching practices by interacting and sharing knowledge, experiences and views about education and who have the support of key institutions which are willing to help in such an endeavor.
In order to put into practice this PDS concept, which was an innovative proposal in our specific context, people were gathered to establish objectives, procedures and possible alternatives for cooperative work. Once this was achieved, some phases were developed. The first phase deals with the setting up of human and material resources, identifying ways of collaboration between institutions and defining the roles of every partner involved.
The second phase has to do what does aa stands for the implementation of the proposal as such, some of the obstacles encountered and the action plans to carry on with the implementation. We believe that this experience will open doors and lay the groundwork for others in Colombia and Latin America to look more closely at explain different types of partners class 11 universities, schools and other entities or educators can work together to tackle better the challenges faced in education.
Although the school where the PDS was proposed to be implemented does not have enough resources to sponsor new projects, there were people and organizations interested in supporting a project that would contribute to the effective teaching and learning conditions of this population, and such was the case of the Board members of Fundación Santa María school.
They believe that children with limited resources should be given the opportunity to learn English the same as the sons and daughters of elite families. Nowadays in our country, as in any other part of the world, it is necessary to learn English in order to be able to access a globalized world. Thus, the school had the initiative to hire an English teacher to start the process of implementing English in the school's curriculum.
The Board members of FSM school realized the benefits of having an alliance with a university that would have an undergraduate teaching program with an emphasis on English and on making the connection in order to have practitioners who would reinforce the work that was being done at the school. In order to start this innovative project, two institutions got together to explore possible alliances.
These institutions believe that education should offer better opportunities by means of providing equity within society, and that partnerships can be established among educational entities. The types of institutions that participated in these meetings were a nonprofit foundation that provides education services to children with limited resources in preschool and primary levels FSM schooland a public university that is sponsored by the district and provides higher education UD university.
These two institutions established the partnership. Alliances require, from the parties involved, identifying strengths and explain different types of partners class 11, exploring different ways of working cooperatively and establishing specific roles. As the project evolved and the parties became more familiarized with working collaboratively, the roles were more clearly defined. FSM school assumed various roles like coordinator, facilitator, and mediator.
It was necessary to have an institution that would manage the whole process and the school undertook the role of coordinator. In order to do so, the holder of a master's degree in the field of Applied Linguistics to the teaching of English was hired by FSM school to act as the on-site coordinator of the PDS. This person was in charge of planning, implementing and assessing the whole process and was constantly providing support to the parties involved.
In relation to planning, the on-site coordinator was responsible for organizing the meetings with the university and school representatives so as to start a fruitful relationship. These meetings were carried out in order to inform the parties about the principles underlying the PDS and the way to implement it. The meetings took place both at the university difference between core banking and retail banking at the school explain different types of partners class 11 order for the practitioners, mentor teachers and administrative staff to feel equally treated and valued.
The objective of doing so was to balance out the higher status given in our context to universities in regard to schools. Regarding the implementation, the on-site coordinator kept a written record of every meeting held with the objective of first, identifying needs and difficulties encountered by the members of the partnership; and second, establishing agreements and entrusting responsibilities.
Furthermore, there was a constant followup and support for student teachers as well as mentors. This support is fundamental in order to guarantee that every member is familiarized with the procedures and is working towards the same goal. Finally, the on-site coordinator needed to assess the process to make sure that all the actions taken contributed to the success of the PDS.
Additionally, the school -FSM- took on the role of facilitator by providing the human resources such as administrative staff, the PDS on-site coordinator, mentor teachers and students. It also contributed with resources such as the place in which the project was carried out, equipment and didactic material, among other items. The school also assumed the role of mediator bridging the gap between the school and the university, parents, students, practitioners, mentors and administrative staff.
This was achieved by means of various activities, such as organizing workshops for parents which allowed them explain different types of partners class 11 meet each other and share their expectations in regard to their children's education; these workshops also helped parents understand the learning processes their children were going through at school. Parents were required to do the same sort of activities their children did, so that they would comprehend the purposes behind these tasks and collaborate with their children's education at home.
In these workshops, mentor teachers were leaders as they were the most experienced in handling these activities. Practitioners also participated actively in the organization of the workshops, gaining experience in the development of this type of events. Another activity was the application of a survey with the mentor teachers to find out more about their studies, previous teaching experience, abilities and talents. Once the information was gathered and key aspects were identified, the on-site coordinator designed workshops for members of the academic community.
For instance, if a mentor teacher was good at making flower arrangements, she would teach a workshop for those members of the community interested in learning about this activity. The intention behind explain different types of partners class 11 type of activities was to benefit from the knowledge, experience and abilities found among the which of the following is a linear equation in one variable answer staff.
In relation to explain different types of partners class 11 public university -UD- it assumed the role of facilitator. On the one hand, the undergraduate program provided the student teachers, who carried out the pedagogical interventions and developed small scale projects at FSM school as part of their teaching practicum.