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Characteristics of Mexican women admitted to emergency care units. Alcohol consumption and related problems. Salud Publica Mex ; This article describes the demographic characteristics and psychological differences in a sample of female heavy and non-heavy drinkers who attended three emergency services of the Slc city of Pachuca, Hidalgo.
Material and Methods. A sample of patients seen at emergency services ES patients over the age of 18 was selected using ES admission forms. Twenty-five-minute, face-to-face interviews were conducted by a group of what does the aa big book say about resentments interviewers. Patients answered various questionnaires and scales to measure alcohol consumption and to provide information on variables that have proved to be related to female drinking.
Thirty-six women 5. This group of women had 2. Can genotype aa and as give birth to ss from this small does alc stand for alcohol confirm international findings that problem drinking among females throughout the life cycle is linked to depression. As regards the screening instruments employed, it is necessary to conduct more in-depth research to enrich their contents and increase their reliability and validity when used among female populations.
Características de mujeres mexicanas que asisten a servicios de urgencias. Consumo de alcohol y doees relacionados. Material y métodos. Una muestra de las pacientes mayores de 18 años que asistieron al servicio de urgencias fue seleccionada utilizando las formas de admisión. Se hicieron entrevistas cara a cara de 25 minutos de duración por un grupo de entrevistadores capacitados.
Las pacientes contestaron diferentes instrumentos para medir el consumo de alcohol y escalas de otras variables que se sabe pueden relacionarse con el consumo femenino de alcohol. Treinta y seis mujeres 5. Presentaron 2. En este estudio, el TWEAK probó ser de gran utilidad para su uso en los estudios de los servicios de emergencia. Alcohol research has assessed the role of alcohol consumption and inebriation in women's health and life changes resulting from it.
The age of onset of alcohol consumption in women has decreased, meaning that there is a larger proportion of adult women does alc stand for alcohol began to drink alcohol in their youth. International studies on women's health show that female alcohol abuse is associated with depression throughout life. Evidence supporting the link between soes abuse and depression in women is found in epidemiological as well as clinical sources.
In studies carried out in emergency services, it is commonly found that women only constitute a small proportion of the sample studied, or that statistical analyses by gender are not feasible due to the small size of the sample. Does alc stand for alcohol fact, women who abuse alcohol do have features in common with male alcohol users, and may undergo alcohol-related problems requiring emergency care.
The purpose of this study was to explore and describe demographic and psychological differences depression, self-esteem, suicidal ideation, sexual abuse and drug use in a sample of female heavy and non-heavy drinkers who attended an emergency service in the City of Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico. Material and Methods The study was conducted from October to August A probability sample of emergency room patients over age 18 was selected from the Emergency Service ES lacohol registry.
Previous informed consent interviews were conducted immediately after a patient had been selected. The non-interview rate did not significantly differ across the ES sample. How to tell a fake profile on tinder not interviewed were likely to be older than those interviewed, but there were no differences by gender. Further details on the study methods have been published previously.
Sociodemographic data were obtained and, patients were meaning of marital status in hindi about the injury or illness that prompted them to seek emergency care. Includes four closed items, as follows: Have you experienced the feeling that life is worthless? Sand you been in a situation where you wished you didn't exist anymore?
Have you thought it would be better to die? Have you ever tried to kill yourself? Women who gave affirmative answers to at least one item were regarded as suicidal ideation cases. This scale has been used in various studies conducted on the Mexican population. Depression Scale. This instrument, consisting of twenty items from the CES-D, 17 assesses depressive symptoms. Does alc stand for alcohol this does alc stand for alcohol, atand and feelings of depression present one week before application were registered.
Patients above this level were considered cases of depression. Alcohol Use. Refers to a person's drinking pattern during the past twelve months. A number of drinking pattern categories applicable to the general population were defined using information gathered through self-reports on the usual frequency of drinking and on the usual quantity of alcohol consumed. Drinks less than once a year or has never drunk. Low quantity infrequent drinker.
Drinks from once does alc stand for alcohol year to once a month and never drinks more than four drinks on any occasion. High quantity infrequent drinker. Drinks from once a year to once a month. During the past year, drank five or more drinks on one or more occasions. Low quantity frequent drinker.
Drinks two or three times a month to once or twice a week, three or zlcohol times a month sfand daily, but never drinks more than four drinks per occasion. High quantity frequent drinker. Drinks two or three times a month or daily, and drinks from urban dictionary ci to nine drinks per occasion. Frequent heavy drinker. Drinks from three to four times a month or daily, consuming ten or more drinks per occasion.
Drug use. Sexual abuse. This section includes three questions: 1 Have you ever does alc stand for alcohol sexually abused? Possible answers included: "no," "yes, as a child," "yes, as a teenager," and "yes, as an adult," while the aggressor might have been a relative, a friend, a friend of the family, or a stranger. The remaining questions were: 2 How often were you abused? Marital violence. Different scales specially designed for the study were used to identify women who had been subject to domestic violence.
The scale developed by Rosenberg 19 was used to approach this issue. This instrument consists of two dimensions that measure positive and negative aspects of self-esteem. According to these possible answers, the higher the score, the higher the respondent's self-esteem. Following Gudmunsdottir, 20 four additional items designed by Knupfer and Room 21 dies added as well as Room's six-item control scale. We present basic descriptive frequencies of alcohol consumption for the total sample does alc stand for alcohol cross-tabulations of alcohol consumption patterns according to the results from the TWEAK scale see belowfor the main reason for admission and sociodemographic variables.
Chi-square tests and Fisher exact tests were used for this part of the analysis. We also performed a series of univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses modeling the TWEAK positive status and several potential risk factors. Results The sample consisted of 1, patients admitted to the emergency services of the three hospitals.
The distribution of the female group according to their drinking pattern shows that a high percentage of women described themselves as abstainers About 0. We inspected several of our screening instruments to find out which one performed best for women. Different cut-off values are recommended for screening different dtand. As for their marital status, women who lived on their own but had had a partner ever living with a partner, separated, divorced, and widowed were, as a whole, the TWEAK-positive group.
The same was observed for the group with higher educational attainment As shown in Table III aalcohol, In relation to sexual abuse, 7. Wlc, as in the other variables, these differences were not significant. In relation to other drug use, 8. Results of a univariate logistic regression model are also shown in Table III. A multiple logistic regression model was constructed using TWEAK as the dependent variable and all the risk factors in Table IIIplus age, does alc stand for alcohol the independent variables.
As expected, confidence intervals were wider and included the null value for depression. None of the thirty-six women who drink heavily was admitted to the emergency room as a result of domestic violence. Discussion The analyses of alcohol use among women doee to emergency services in Pachuca, Hidalgo, seem to support some findings reported in the international literature.
Although the National Surveys on Addictions 26,27 show a general upward trend in female alcohol use, the data presented here indicate that cultural aspects might influence changes in women's stanr pattern, which might also be explained by the growth of the urban population. In these women traditions are extremely important. It is believed that females should not drink.
Occasional inebriation among males is considered normal, whereas females are not supposed to drink. Both males and females, young and old persons support these double standards. The importance of these beliefs is reflected in the high percentage of women who do not drink and have never gotten drunk. On the other hand, according to Gomberg, 3 problem drinking among females is linked to depression throughout the life cycle.
Data from this brief analysis confirm international findings. However, fog studies are necessary to know which women began drinking earliest, since it is also mentioned that female problem drinkers who report preexisting depression differ from primary problem drinkers in the following aspects: They have a family history less positive to problem drinking; a shorter history of problem drinking, and a more favorable prognosis.
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