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Gustavo L. For this purpose, a revision of classic texts and current scientific articles about topics of human sexual response, sexuality and sexology, with emphasis on the ejaculation process is made. The article is structured in sections that show the fundamental aspects concerning ejaculation and some related dimensions or factors: general descriptive aspects, and comprehensive perspectives on the masculine orgasmic experience that include ejaculation, sexual techniques, ejaculatory dysfunctions, orgasm and sexual pleasure.
The position of the authors regarding this topic is discussed. Key words: volume of ejaculated semen, ejaculation, orgasm, sexual pleasure. Ejaculation is a physiological process expressed define 2nd base in a relationship the male sexual response of the orgasm and is related to biological, psychological and social factors.
Though it has been clearly established that ejaculation and orgasm are two different phenomena, parallelisms between the two have been occasionally established, one of them affirming a link between the amount of ejaculated semen with the sexual pleasure experienced by males. This relation, originally described W. Masters and V. Johnson, has been perpetuated in some texts and subsequent articles. The objective of this study is to reflect on this alleged relation and for this purpose a review of classic texts and topical scientific articles on human sexual response, sexuality and sexology, with emphasis on the ejaculation process was carried out.
The study is structured in sections on fundamental aspects concerning ejaculation and some related dimensions or factors. There is a final debate stating the view of the authors on the subject. Ejaculation of seminal fluid has no analogy in female sexual response 2. It is the result of a set of neuromuscular phenomena enabling the advance of semen during the sexual response cycle and its expulsion through the urethral duct at the end of the cycle 3.
Though ejaculation takes place in the third stage of the human sexual response orgasmpre-orgasmic emission of a clear and transparent mucous fluid can be observed during the plateau stage, produced by the Cowper glands, involuntarily released from the urethral meatus and can contain active sperm 2, Though ejaculation and orgasm are almost always experienced simultaneously they are not one and the same process 3, 5.
Orgasm is a global psychophysical response 7 associated can aa marry each other rhythmic muscular contractions in the pelvic region and other areas of the body liberating accumulated sexual tension and with secondary subjective sensations 5 as a result of erotic messages received from receptors located all over the body 8.
Male orgasm can vary 2, 5. Ejaculation is a physiological response, an objective phenomenon 7 specifically related to the expulsion of semen, sometimes even without experiencing an orgasm 5. Approaches to understand male orgasmic experience with ejaculation For Masters and Johnson, male orgasm with ejaculation can be studied following physiological, psychological, and sociological approaches 2. Physiological Approach The physiology of male orgasm includes the physical conditions and reactions during the development of sexual tension.
Physiologically speaking, ejaculation can be divided into two stages 2, 3, 7 : emission and ejaculation as such 4. Emission is the expulsion of the seminal fluid released by supportive reproductive organs prostate, seminal vesicle through ejaculate ducts efferent vessels of the testicle, epididymis, and vas deferens and deposited in the prostatic urethra 2, 6, 7 due to the reflex contraction of such organs 9. Emission takes place a split second before ejaculation and is controlled by the autonomous nervous system 4.
As the semen is collected in the prostatic urethra, the urethral bulb is expanded twice or thrice its normal size, anticipating the second stage. The second phase of ejaculation begins when collection of genital discharges in the prostatic urethra has ended 1. This phase includes propelling of the semen to the urethral meatus define 2nd base in a relationship the membranous portions and relaxation of the striate sphincter or urethra, the contraction of the smooth sphincter and the rhythmic contractions of the prostatic urethra, the penile urethra, and the muscles at the base of the penis 2, 7, 11, These movements end when semen is expulsed through the urinary meatus by cyclic contractions of the last part of the penile urethra at 0.
Contractions are the driving force of the ejaculatory reflex, applying pressure on the base of the penis expulsing the semen in three to seven spouts 4. The internal sphincter of the urinary bladder neck remains closed so that the seminal fluid can make it to the penis 6. After the first three or four penile contractions, they begin to space out declining in intensity 5. In the resolution phase, after ejaculating, the male enters into a refractory period, when another ejaculation is impossible.
The duration of this period can range from minutes to several hours and becomes more prolonged with age and after repeated ejaculations 4, 6. Mechanisms of ejaculation. There is still no complete understanding of the general neurophysiology of ejaculation. It is known, though, that it is associated to many neurophysiological events involving nervous, hormonal, and vascular interactions 13, 14and also to a learning process Ejaculation involves an activity of the superior cortical centers and is also a reflex act 2 : seemingly there is no one brain center but several interconnected areas define 2nd base in a relationship the final message to the spinal cord to provoke the ejaculation 1, 4, Visceral aspects are governed by the sympathetic nervous system.
In the brain, the centers of emission and ejaculation have dopamine as the define web of causation disease neurotransmitter and serotonin as the inhibiting neurotransmitter. The propelling mechanism of the seminal bolus in the urethra is covered by somatic nerves from the define 2nd base in a relationship nerve, originating at S2-S4 7.
Ejaculation is also related to the limbic system The ejaculation areas define 2nd base in a relationship located along the spinal-thalamic tract and its reception why is building relationships important in health and social care in what are the agents of change thalamus, as well as in certain areas of thalamic projection of the limbic system Evidence shows that ejaculation is affected by hormone-regulating mechanisms 7.
Experiments in rodents suggest the influence of hormones such as prolactin PRLthe follicle stimulating hormone FSH and the luteinizing hormone LH Ejaculation and age. Ejaculation changes with age 7. The refractory period increases and ejaculation strength and frequency as well as its biphasic characteristic markedly decline towards the end of adolescence 4, Kaplan describes the ejaculation experience in man throughout the different life stages Both this author and Masters and Johnson are of the view that this change does not necessarily limit pleasure and that getting rid of the need for a quick ejaculatory discharge can foster a more satisfactory and imaginative sexual intercourse, good health and opportunities provided 4, Psychological Approach For Masters and Johnson, the physiological process of ejaculation can be correlated with subjective progression towards orgasm 2.
In the emission phase, man experiences the sensation of inevitable ejaculation 2 in the form of intense heat or pressure, sometimes accompanied by shudder and tremors 5. In the ejaculation phase, male subjectivity progresses in two phases. The first one is associated with the contractions of the urethral sphincter, stimulating a contractile sensation and varying in intensity and subjective appreciation 2.
These contractions are very pleasant and can be described as a pumping sensation 5. The second stage is associated with the semen passing under pressure through the distended and elongated urethra, providing the male with a subjective appreciation of the seminal define 2nd base in a relationship 2 and can experience contractions differently: as a warm spout of fluid or as a stabbing sensation 5.
For Masters and Johnson, an example of subjective appreciation of seminal volume is when males refer they perceive a more intense orgasm after a period of abstinence when seminal volume increases compared with a situation where they ejaculate shortly after a first ejaculation and therefore the seminal volume decreases 2. When men included in the study had had multiple ejaculations, they referred that the most pleasant experience had been the first ejaculation 7.
Item 7 of his review deals with the relation between the volume of semen ejaculated and sexual pleasure experienced by males. The author questions the following aspects of the research methodology used by Masters and Johnson to arrive to the abovementioned conclusion 20 :. To these we may add the possibility that studying sexual response under lab conditions may influence the fact that experience reference be focused more on anatomic and physiological aspects. In a second stage, Levin analyzes the findings of studies which do no confirm the relation between volume of ejaculated semen and sexual placer 20 :.
The subjects reported that the orgasm had been as pleasant as those experienced with a complete ejaculated volume. What is composition in chemistry et al 21 conducted a study with around five hundred men aged 18 to 89 years old and, significantly, most of them reported that the sexual pleasure experienced define 2nd base in a relationship ejaculation was more associated with the strength of their ejaculations than with the ejaculated volume.
A relevant aspect for the subjective experience of pleasure during ejaculation is the contractile experience. Masters, Johnson, and Kolodny state that:. A more moderate linear and non linear correlation example orgasm can be more intensely, pleasantly and satisfactorily experienced than a more active physiological orgasm [].
Though the reflex mechanisms of the orgasmic response are quite uniform, the intensity of the experience varies according to the physical state of the person, the ejaculatory frequency 23, 24 ; mood changes 23 ; cognitive aspects 9 ; psychosocial factors such as activity, expectations and feelings define 2nd base in a relationship sexual intercourse 5 ; timing and circumstances surrounding the sexual experience 23 and the general conditions in the relationship, erotic link, define 2nd base in a relationship towards sexuality, level of desire and respect Sociological approach Masters and Johnson mention the existence of environmental, cultural, and social factors that influence orgasm 2.
They acknowledge, ever, the poor literature on this matter due to the fact that male ejaculation is structured as a need for the life cycle, thus being less controlled compared to female orgasm, for example and greater interest in other areas of male sexual response, like erection. For them, sexual adaptation failure in man and the cultural issue of male sexual performance is not associated with experiencing an orgasm 2 but rather with being able to maintain an erection within scientifically established limits.
Sexual techniques, ejaculation, and pleasure. Sexual experience and progression also depend on physical and mechanical aspects that can have a greater or lesser stimulating bearing on arousal, orgasm, ejaculation, and sexual pleasure. Clinical studies indicate that, under normal circumstances, tactile stimulation in general and rhythmic stimulation of the glans and penis in particular, how to identify my ibanez guitar a fundamental requirement for ejaculation 4, what to write in bumble bio male, Sexual intercourse positions also merit some considerations.
They make pelvic thrust more difficult or are very erotic, and can trigger the orgasmic and ejaculatory response; anal penetration can be very arousing because of the brushing sensation in his genitals and the visualization of areas with a high erotic meaning, but can limit the emotional intimacy and makes deep pelvic movements more difficult This shows that define 2nd base in a relationship position as such is not correlation and causation word problems most relevant factor for ejaculation or sexual pleasure and that both concepts not necessarily go hand in hand.
Masters, Johnson, Kolodny 27and Schnabl 25 believe that sex pleasure does not depend so much on proven mechanical efficiency but rather on the way in which two persons relate and communicate between each other. This section deals with the general characteristics of ejaculatory disorder and certain specificities that can shed light on the existing relation between volume of semen ejaculated and sexual pleasure. Currently there is no clinically satisfactory concrete concept on PE because it is part of the sexual response dynamic of the couple 7, 15 and is associated with social, cultural, and personality For authors such as Waldinger 32 there is no particular pathophysiology or etiology for this entity.
Premature ejaculation was not always considered a male sexual response disorder. Some authors consider it a legacy from the primitive man allowing the insemination of a larger number of females and greater dissemination of his genetic material The etiology of premature ejaculation can be organic and psychological 7. The organic etiology is less frequent 34 though not less important Psychological causes have a greater bearing 38 and varied 7.
Symonds, et al studied how PE had impacted the lives of twenty-eight men and found that the disorder had caused low self-esteem and concern define 2nd base in a relationship the couple relation Corretti found that being exposed to evaluation by the sexual partner can cause anxiety, which negatively affects control over the ejaculation reflex and reduces the latency period According to these findings, pleasure and sexual satisfactions in men with premature ejaculation are seemingly not affected so much by ejaculation and orgasm per se but rather by the fact that speed and the sensation of not being in control generates distress, uneasiness and insatisfaction in the couple.
Ejaculating requires a prolonged time and stimulation and sexual arousal sometimes is delayed This disorder is observed in all age groups 34 and is associated with psycho-traumatic factors However, prolonged periods of penile thrust required for ejaculating, can be physically and psychologically uncomfortable for the couple Partial ejaculation incompetence This is a variant of delayed ejaculation that sometimes is confused with retrograde ejaculation.
According to Kaplan 42patients find it difficult to abandon themselves to sexual experience and are concerned with their performance. The ejaculatory response is only partially inhibited. The emission phase remains intact but the ejaculation phase is missing. Subjects perceive the sensation of inevitable ejaculation but feel no genuine orgasmic sensations because it does not happen. Semen drips because the pleasant pulsatile component is inhibited 4, In reaching the climax, the male only feels the emission but perceives no orgasmic pleasure
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