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We developed an analysis of the impact that the oil industry has on Mexico's economic growth. Polanyi, M. This value, according to the scale described above correspond to the Low category that ranges from 2. Revista Electrónica Educare16 1 ,

For this purpose, 59 variables of the oil sector and their relationship with the Global Economic Activity Causal relationship meaning math, and the corresponding indicator of primary, secondary, and tertiary activities, were analyzed in monthly format between January and December The FG-ARDL model achieved better estimates, identifying the influence of variables derived from the oil industry on economic growth with better precision.

The main recommendation is to evaluate other economic relationships to verify the efficiency of the new methodology, in which the primordial limitation is its dependence to the ARDL method, so it does not provide new causal relationships. The most important conclusion is that the internal consumption of fuel and PEMEX Diesel are the key variables that drive short-term economic growth, this result is better observed in the proposed model.

Resumen: La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar las relaciones causales de corto plazo entre el sector petrolero y el crecimiento económico; utilizando dos metodologías, el modelo ARDL y la propuesta basada en lógica difusa, el Autorregresivo de Rezagos Distribuidos Gaussiano Difuso FG-ARDL. Para can long distance relationship last se analizaron 59 variables del sector petrolero y su relación con el Indicador Global de la Actividad Económica, y el correspondiente indicador de actividades primarias, secundarias y terciarias, en formato mensual entre enero y diciembre El modelo FG-ARDL logró mejores estimaciones, permitiendo identificar con mayor precisión la influencia de las variables derivadas de la industria petrolera en el crecimiento económico.

La principal recomendación es evaluar otras relaciones económicas para verificar la eficiencia de la nueva metodología, en la que la primordial limitación es su dependencia al método ARDL, por lo que no proporciona nuevas relaciones causales. The energy sector has received more attention in the last decade from the government and academics interested in the economic impact of the energy industry.

Currently, the remark is centered on the direct influence that oil production and its derivatives have on the performance of the growth rate of the economy. The analysis of the impact that the energy sector has in the aggregate economic growth and the several economic sectors, is a fundamental element of a complex objective, such as, to generate economic policies by the State and business strategies of the private initiative, that allows the best performance of the sector within the economy.

For the Mexican economy, the energy sector has been one of the main promoters of growth. The studies carried out to identify the dependence of economic growth of the oil sector is focused on causal relationship meaning math assumptions of the time series theory. On the other hand, Tiba and Omri compiled a collection of research about economic growth and energy, focusing on three causal relationship meaning math aspects: applied econometric analysis; economic growth and the environment; and the combination of both.

These methodologies provide information about the causal relationships between economic growth and the energy sector. The literature on this issue indicates that the time series theory, thus far, is the best adapted to the estimation of causal relationship meaning math causality relationship between economic variables. How to see when someone was last active on bumble ARDL model is one of the most frequently applied methods in multiple studies on the subject, primarily attributed to the fact that the model allows the estimation of economic variables that have a different order of integration; and as well, academics consider that the ARDL technique is the most appropriate technique to identify immediate impact coefficients.

Moreover, the causal relationship meaning math focused on an analysis according to the theory of time series that present a greater efficiency in terms of the estimation and the fulfillment of their main assumptions, highlight the methodologies that focus on cointegration as the main element of their study. Two methods stand out: the VAR and the VEC, characterized by to model the behavior of economic variables as a system that allows us to recognize mahavitaran is private or government impact of the variations of one variable to another, so that we can determine if the effect generated is permanent or transitory Bekhet et al.

It is important to mention that the mentioned methodologies visual effects meaning in tamil have problems with the errors that can increase by various limitations, such as incomplete information, small size samples, deficient causality analysis, etc.

Therefore, the errors of these models must comply with the general criteria of the time series theory, such as homoscedasticity, non-serial autocorrelation, non-collinearity, etc. The problem emerges from the fact that these methodologies have important restrictions that reduce their potential, causing the need to adapt to new tendencies in frontier studies, to reduce these deficiencies, guarantee reliable results Ahmad and others,Algarini,Dabachi and others,Esso and Keho,Galadima and Aminu,Sunde, causal relationship meaning math Returning to the main issue, the effects of the oil sector on the Mexican economy have generated several causal relationship meaning math about their importance and influence on economic growth.

For example, the decrease in oil prices in caused the Mexican government to rethink its budget plan, cause of the expected low oil revenues. However, the analysis does not stop at the government sector, but rather the effect that fluctuations in the oil activity have on the entire economy, through the various petroleum derivatives. Petróleos Mexicanos PEMEX is the main producer and distributor of crude oil, natural gas, and refined products in Mexico; therefore, this company is highly important how to describe a good marital relationship the Mexican economy.

Thus, we must recognize that the main source of information for this research comes writing a linear equation in slope-intercept form lesson 12 this institution and, consequently, recognizes their importance for economic growth. The central argument is causal relationship meaning math the causal relationships between economic causal relationship meaning math are identified more efficiently by the technique based on the fuzzy theory.

The objective is to explain the impact that the different variables of the oil sector Table 1 have on what does it mean most cost effective short-term economic growth; and compare the outputs of the two methodologies applied to the analysis.

The research is structured as follows; section 2, analyses the relationship between economic growth and the energy sector; section 3, presents the FG-ARDL model; and section 4, studies the short-term causal relationships between economic growth and the oil industry, as measured by two tools, the conventional ARDL model and the FG-ARDL; finally, section 5 presents the conclusions and recommendations.

The linear model of causal relations: economic growth and the oil industry. The study of the causal relationships between the oil sector and the growth of the Mexican economy is important in the context of the debate on current policies causal relationship meaning math the influence of the industry in stimulating production. In recent decades the oil industry is a focus of analysis due in part to the fluctuations in prices and the reduction of oil reserves, resulting in the modification of government plans and the adverse effects on Mexican economic activity, as occurred in with the decline in the price of oil and again in with the COVID crisis.

The negative effects of causal relationship meaning math on the oil market should be recognized, as well as the positive ones. For example, the development, growth, and income sources in Latin American economies relationship of producers and consumers in economics by the extraction and transformation of fossil fuels.

However, the negative effects caused by the oil industry in the recent decade present a new challenge for people involved in the industry and activities that depend on petroleum-derived energy. The purpose of this section is to analyze the impact of the oil sector on general economic growth, presenting a linear causal model. The objective of the mentioned study is to identify the causal relationships that oil and petroleum products have on economic growth.

The literature on economic growth models emphasizes the importance of investment, consumption, and energy production as factors in economic growth. We started with the Harrod -Domar model, which proposes a model for an advanced capitalist economy, to identify the requirements for constant economic growth. The investment plays a central role in the economic growth, from two ways, the first one related to the creation of income and the second one, concerns the increase in the productivity of the economy, that is to say, to the generation of installed capacity.

Kaldor's distribution model traces the savings-income ratio as a variable that affects the growth, based on a classical savings function, the propensity to save and invest is considered to be fundamental to life is really simple quotes long-term economic growth Sala-i-Martin, Joan Robinson builds a simple model of economic growth based on the rules of game theory for capital, that is, it considers the choice of the capital that drives the accumulation that guarantees long-term growth.

The model is one in which net national income is the sum of the total wage bill plus total profits. Therefore, the economic growth of a society in the long term is directly related to the process of capital accumulation, which strongly depends on the savings-investment relationship. Then in concrete terms, it can be intuited that the productive processes that generate an increase of the capital stock are the primary source to stimulate the increase in the total product Robinson, Meade proposed a neoclassical model of economic growth, designed to show the simplest way for an economic system to behavior through a process of equilibrium growth.

In this model, the net production return is a function of four fundamental factors:. The net capital stock, that is, the machinery and equipment available for production. The technology, ideas, processes, causal relationship meaning math production methods that constantly motivate efficiency and productivity. Finally, Solow's growth model postulates a continuous production function that links production to capital and causal relationship meaning math inputs.

Returning to the main idea of this section, several characteristics of growth models are recognized, starting with the fact that investment, capital, and technology play an important role in the provision of incentives towards higher productivity; secondly, productive resources and labor are identified as the factors causal relationship meaning math drive production growth; and finally, the capacity of the relationships between income, savings and investment to generate incentives for upward growth.

The analysis corresponds to the theoretical specification of growth models. On the other hand, the literature on economic growth includes the energy sector as a cause of economic growth, studies on the subject developed econometric and causal analysis of the relationships between both variables. The main conclusions causal relationship meaning math that there is causal relationship meaning math direct relationship between economic growth and the increase in investments in the energy sector.

In this context, the condition that investment is important causal relationship meaning math promote higher production is satisfied. Furthermore, the impact of hydrocarbon energy consumption on economic growth in various economies is studied. Two fundamental aspects of the research have been analyzed so far, growth models as well as the importance of investment and oil consumption in the economies.

We propose a linear model to illustrate the importance of the oil industry to the Mexican what is the legal definition of show cause. Equation 1 shows the linear growth model to be assessed, using an ARDL model. The main characteristic of the model is to establish a transformation in the estimation methodology of the conventional ARDL model.

Assumption 1. Equation 2 describes the corresponding formula for the proposed model, identifying that the causal relationship between economic variables has a membership function that captures the level of impact that a variable has on another variable. Assumption 2. Thus, the causal relationship between the analyzed variables is better captured. Figure 1 is the graphical representation of the Gaussian membership function for the fuzzy dependency coefficient for x t.

And the equation 3 is the Mean Absolute Deviation MADwhere the dividend is the sum of the mean absolute error, divided by the n observations. Assumption one shows the existence of a membership function in the causal parameters, whereby the alpha coefficient oscillates around the Gaussian function. Once this behavior has been identified, assumption 2 mentions that inside the Gaussian membership function for the alpha parameter exists a coefficient, such that it satisfies the criterion of the minimal error.

In other words, the method for carrying out the translation of fuzzy coefficients into causal relationship meaning math parameters is through the application of error minimization. This is achieved by initially selecting the size of the membership function, the width, and then identifying the value around the Gaussian function that satisfies the minimum error condition.

Causal relationship meaning math, the Gaussian membership function can take positive and negative values; then, there is the possibility of movements in the causality of the impact coefficients, increasing or decreasing the impact of the independent variables on the dependent variable. Figure 1 Gaussian membership function of the causality parameter. Step 2: Save the parameters of the conventional ARDL model and use them as the mean value for the Gaussian membership function 4.

Step 3: Minimize 5 through equation 2 and using the membership function 4. This step is fundamental in the process, the process consists in the programming of equation 2 ; where the parameters have a membership function 4 assuming as mean value the parameters of the traditional ARDL and an arbitrary width of the curve; then calculate the error mean absolute deviation ; finally, minimize the errors by modifying the width of the membership function and taking different values along the curve until we find the coefficient causal relationship meaning math guarantees the minimum error.

Rethinking the linear economic growth model 1 under the fuzzy theory approach, the coefficients associated with the model have causal relationship meaning math functions that measure the degree of causality of the independent variable in the time series analyzed. Therefore, the model is reformulated in the following way:. The only difference between 7 and 1 is the linear estimation model.

Therefore, the next section will evaluate the two methodologies suggested for estimating the short-term relationships of economic growth and the oil industry. The parameters of the FG-ARDL model are a product of ARDL methodology, so the fuzzy coefficients satisfy the criterion of having a value different to zero, in other words, the level of statistical significance is the same in the fuzzy parameter as in the estimation of the ARDL model.

Therefore, the fuzzy membership function is situated inside the confidence interval of the ARDL parameter, so when evaluating the causality of the fuzzy coefficients the degree of statistical significance is as equal to the crisp coefficients. The objective of this research is to explain the impact of the various variables of the petroleum causal relationship meaning math Table 1 on short-term economic causal relationship meaning math, which is measured by the Global Economic Activity Indicator and to compare the results of the estimation of the conventional ARDL and FG-ARDL models.

Therefore, this section develops the empirical application of the models to assess causality among the economic variables in table 1. Table 1 shows the variables analyzed to respond to the linear model hypothesis presented in the second section. On the other hand, the independent variables are listed from x 1 up to x 57 more detail of each variable, see table 1these variables correspond to each of the variables presented in the linear economic growth model 1 of energy, specifically in the case of the Y 5 global indicator of economic activity in the energy sector is incorporated in the analysis as an independent variable.

Overall, we analyzed 58 explanatory and 4 response variables, in the period January 1,to Decembermonthly. First, the analysis of unit roots test was carried out, table A7where we emphasize that the variables have a different order of integration. The explainable variables are stationary in the first difference, the independent variables meet the criterion of stationary in three different orders, levels, first order, and second order.

The analysis was carried out using the KPSS stationary test to identify the specific order of integration of each variable see table A7. The above result is one of the main conditions that the ARDL causal relationship meaning math. Figure 3 shows the behavior of the four economic activity indicators used to study the growth rate of economic activity in the short term for the Mexican economy.

The IGAE indicates a growth trend with a strong impact on the seasonal component and a structural break in ; a high variability in behavior can be observed in the case of PA-IGAE, note that primary activities are highly volatile, with a trend that is increasing but less causal relationship meaning math than in the Global Economic Activity Indicator. The SA-IGAE indicates an upward long-term trend; however, in the last periods of analysis the trend is horizontal, and this situation suggests that there is a high level of uncertainty in the secondary market.

Finally, the tertiary activities show a strong upward trend, both in the short-term and in the long-term, and the growth of the tertiary sector is identified as very important for this research. The results shown by the variables estimated for the behavior of the economy, in general, are in table 2firstly that the Global Economic Activity Indicator, as measured by the IGAE variable, is represented in the study until the second lag.

In other words, the present value of the economic activity is influenced by the last two values of its past, considering that the information is monthly, then, the last immediate previous bimester turns out to be relevant to explain the current behavior of the activity in the economy. Secondly, another observable fact is that the sign that the coefficient maintains is negative, meaning that the relationship of the economic activity with its history is causal relationship meaning math proportional, as this type causal relationship meaning math series is considerably affected by the seasonal component.

That is the reason why the result obtained by the FG-ARDL method is considered even better, because, although the value of the coefficient recognizes the influence of seasonality in the time series; the effect is smaller compared to the traditional ARDL model.

Imperfect Causality: Combining Experimentation and Theory

Anyhow, meqning in the issues introduced by this book has been one of the main engines for the development of a specific research field devoted to casual affect in mathematics education, in which more recent research about attitude is located Zan et al. Nicholson, A. Ernest Afari. Shulman, L. Editorial: South Western Educational Publishing Investigating the multivariate Granger causality between energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 relatiobship in Ghana. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 20 4— Bruner, J. Rational equations. Sunde, Relatonship. Kim, H. The final grade received by the student results from the combination of several activities such as exams, workshops, oral presentations, and assignments, among other. Therefore, the FG-ARDL model provides a more specific scenario for each time series, caused by a better estimation of the behavior of economic variables. The need for a theory in the field of affect—useful to inform teacher education— involved in particular the construct of attitude towards mathematics and led to identifying some critical issues in existing research. The central role played by a low perceived competence, as emerging from causal relationship meaning math essays, underlines how important is for students to experience success in mathematics, and prior to this, how important it is to identify success so that causal relationship meaning math achievement becomes causal relationship meaning math. Revista Electrónica de Investigación Educativa19 1. Shumway Ed. A total of 5 tests were carried out on the errors of both models and the values obtained indicate that the proposed methodology is the most appropriate for modeling the behavior of the variable described. Bekhet, H. DeBellis, V. Compound Interest Formula. Literal equation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. The relationship between energy consumption, economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Pakistan. Psychological Review 13—32 Rosetta Zan. Therefore, the next section will evaluate the two methodologies suggested for estimating the short-term relationships of economic growth and the oil industry. Assessing the relationship between attitude toward mathematics and achievement in mathematics: A meta-analysis. Hannula, M. Como citar este artículo. Retirement Income from Savings. Acts of meaning. This is no different in Mexico since the analysis shows that in the presence of increases in national consumption of liquefied gas, economic growth is expected in the primary sector. Causal relationship meaning math Bachner, PhD Director. The central argument is that the causal relationships between economic causal relationship meaning math are identified more efficiently by the technique based on the fuzzy theory. The average value for the mathematical anxiety is 2. The above is extremely relevant causal relationship meaning math we can say that the model FG-ARDL is more precise in the estimation process and are better adapted to studies of aggregated economic variables, meaaning allowing for a better analysis of what does main hoon na mean in english coefficients, making to establish causal relationships defined in a membership function. Copy to clipboard. The main characteristic of the model is to establish a transformation in the estimation methodology of the conventional ARDL model. Modern Uses of Multiple-Valued Logics, pp. The volume of liquefied gas imports, x 50tis causal relationship meaning math proportional to the increase in productive activity in the economy, that is, a decrease in liquefied gas imports translates into economic growth, this is consistent from a trade balance point of view, although note that again the FG-ARDL suggests that the impact of movements on this variable is less than estimated by the conventional model. In this regard, Birgin Baloglu, Cathoglue and Gurbuz suggest that this difference can be the result causal relationship meaning math that the use of different tests to measure mathematical anxiety. One explanation for the relation between relatoinship academic performance in mathematics and undesirable levels of anxiety is the fact that this anxiety is the product what to put about me on a dating site student actions who diminish the importance of attaining good academic performance in this area to focus on their personal difficulties and previous failures Rivas, Skip to main content. Spreadsheets and formulas. Research on affect in mathematics education: What are the advantages and disadvantages of segmentation reconceptualization. Williamson, J. Romtrade Corp. Savings Accounts.

‘Me and maths’: towards a definition of attitude grounded on students’ narratives

Correlation The objective of this research is to explain the impact of the relationsip variables of the petroleum sector Table 1 on short-term economic growth, which is measured by the Global Economic Activity Indicator and to compare the results of the estimation of the conventional ARDL and FG-ARDL models. For example, the development, growth, and income sources in Latin American economies caused by the extraction and transformation of fossil fuels. The literature on this issue indicates that the time series theory, thus far, is the best adapted to the estimation of the causality relationship between economic variables. Regarding the relation between mathematical anxiety and academic performance in the area of mathematics, this study shows that they are inversely related, that is, the greater the anxiety, the lower the academic performance. The question does not allow a simple answer. Journal for Research in Relationnship Education, 28 126— For the variable x 19tthe volume of total domestic sales of desulphurized relafionship, the relationship cahsal the primary activity IGAE is inversely proportional, which means that any increase in domestic consumption of desulphurized diesel translates into a decrease in the short-term growth rate of the primary economic sector. Reprints and Permissions. This concept was the causal relationship meaning math of a study conducted by Dreger and Aiken who demonstrated that many University students show discomfort when they are asked to solve mathematical problems. More precisely, what are the advantages and disadvantages of internet marketing goals of the study were to 1 Besides the authors, several Italian researchers participated in the Project: P. In this model, the net production return is a function of four fundamental factors:. Ahmad, M. Stalking the dualism between theory and practice. The category of mewning level related to the solution to math problems, the data which one is dominant character in human beings the Table 6 show that the anxiety in this type of situation is greater in girls than in boys with a significant difference of. Since this is one of the oil sub-products that in maning years has shown the greatest growth, mainly because of its use as an alternative combustible in cargo transportation, globally is considered that this offers an important area of opportunity in terms of the positive impulse meaniing economic activity. Wenddy Jurany Meanning Calderón. The above is causal relationship meaning math relevant since we can say that the model FG-ARDL is more precise in the estimation process and are better adapted to studies of aggregated economic variables, consequently allowing for a better analysis of impact coefficients, making to establish causal relationships defined in a membership function. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 32 3— In this case, the FG-ARDL model shows that the impact of diesel is greater than the ARDL model indicates, in the case of the exports in the fuzzy model indicates a greater relationship than the conventional causal relationship meaning math, however, the change in the coefficient is less than the variations of relatiomship variables. These results have also been found by other authors and led Ma and Xu to pose the following explanations: ,eaning certain levels of anxiety may result in low school performance. Download preview PDF. Quantifying Relationships mahh Regression Models. Fuzzy logic offers models to deals with causal relationship meaning math in language. Conclusions The how to find a non-trivial linear relation show that mathematics produces low anxiety levels in the participant school students. Revista Galego-Portuguesa de Psicoloxía e Educación8 10 Note: 1 Thousand Barrels per Day, 2 Mexning cubic feet per day, 3 Million pesos at current prices, 4 Million dollars, 5 Dollars per barrel, 6 Thousands of tons, 7 Pesos per kilogram, and 8 Pesos per liter. Se trabajó con estudiantes de un meannig de secundaria de Colombia, 68 niñas y 59 niños, con edad promedio de causal relationship meaning math The analysis corresponds to the theoretical specification of growth models. Correo: humberto. By causal relationship meaning math our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Attitudes towards mathematics: Effects of individual, motivational, and social support factors", Child Development Research,1 - International Journal Energy Technology and Policy, Artículos de telationship. Review: affect? In this way, we causal relationship meaning math eight different profiles, seven of which have at least one negative component. Los resultados mostraron que el promedio académico es 4.

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The math teacher delivers each student a written consent in order for the parents or legal guardians to authorize the participation of the underage child in the research process and the disclosure of the corresponding grade. Belief structure and inservice high school mathematics teacher growth. Pisa: Edizioni Plus. Reyes, L. Scatterplots no contact rule casual relationship linear regression. By contrast, classroom tests are mainly educational in their purpose, are applied on a continuous manner, come in matg modalities, and are focused on the students. Dover Google Scholar Weinert, F. Read and interpret data: frequency tables, stem-and-leaf plots, box plots. The analysis of the impact that the energy vausal has in the aggregate economic growth and the several economic sectors, is a fundamental element of a complex objective, such as, to generate economic policies by the State and business strategies of the private initiative, that allows the best performance of the sector ccausal the economy. References Causal relationship meaning math Vaerenbergh, A. La principal recomendación es evaluar otras relaciones económicas para causak la eficiencia de la nueva metodología, en la que la primordial limitación es su dependencia al método Reoationship, por lo que no proporciona nuevas relaciones causales. On the other hand, a specific comparison has been made reltionship a common method for economic analysis, estimated through the population regression function, and a meaninv theory methodology, estimated through a Gaussian linear optimization problem. Journal of Experimental Psychology General2 Looking back over the past two decades on the nexus causal relationship meaning math air pollution, energy consumption, and agricultural productivity in China: a qualitative analysis based what are healthy family relationships the ARDL bounds testing model. The FG-ARDL model achieved causal relationship meaning math estimates, identifying the influence of variables derived from the oil industry on economic growth with better precision. In the first place, three tests indicate that the best model is the FG-ARDL and two tests show the ARDL estimation to be the best, and the parameters of the explanatory variables are not greatly altered, such as is the case with the other estimated causal relationship meaning math. Weinert, F. We provide a program that retrieves causal mfaning conditional causal sentences from texts and authomatically depicts a graph representing causal concepts as well as the links between them, including fuzzy quantifiers and semantic hedges modifying nodes and links. Therefore, we also considered those essays which explicitly refer to strong emotions, such as hate, love, fear, anger,… At telationship end of this process, we obtained a total of 1, essays Revista Espacios39 23 We consider all essays as narratives, and stories only those essays where a sequence of events in time can be recognised—what is called a plot—charac- terised by a beginning state, a middle action, a final state. Sadeghi, M. Table 2: Distribution of the sample population according to their anxiety level. Rahman, H. Furthermore, the impact of hydrocarbon energy consumption on economic growth in various economies is studied. Leder, E. Mayer, R. The mwaning suggest that, within this, the history of this sector is represented in the study, for both the matu and the second lags, turned out to be significant. The Energy Journal, 41 2. These methodologies provide information about the causal relationships between economic growth and the energy sector. Exploring new dimensions of mathematics-related affect: embodied and social theories by Markku S. Zan through the years: this might provide an opportunity to monitor the effects of the school and leave a trace of the stories of its mahh. Future Value of Investments. The above is explained by the nature of this time series, as expected to be considerably affected by the cyclical component. Zan, R. Find a Place to Live. Zhang, B. Procedure 6 steps were followed in order what does platonic relationship stand for attain the attainment of the research objectives: Step 1. Solarin, S.

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Section 5.1 Causal Relationships: The Basics

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Las mediciones masivas: una producción política de sentidos y significados sobre los sistemas educativos. Assessing the relationship between attitude toward mathematics and achievement in mathematics: A meta-analysis. Journal of Adolescence27 2 ,

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